ubukungu – Urwenya

Inka yabyaye ikimasa gifite amaguru atandatu

by www.igihe.info
Ku cyumweru tariki ya 26 Mata 2015, inka y’uwitwa Karani Jean Damascène wo mu Mudugudu wa Benishyaka, Akagari ka Rurenge, Umurenge wa Rukomo, Akarere ka Nyagatare yabyaye ikimasa gifite amaguru 6 gihita gipfa.

Iyi nka yari ibyaye ubwa kabiri kandi mbere yabyaye inka imeze neza. Umutoniwase, umwana wa nyir’inka ari nawe uzibamo, avuga ko akibona inka yabo yabyaye ikimasa kidasanzwe yabanje kugira ubwoba akeka ko bayiroze cyangwa ari uguterwa nabi intanga. Gusa ngo yaje kubwirwa ko ari ibisanzwe.

Doctor Ndazigaruye Gervais, umwarimu mu ishuri ry’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, ishami rya Nyagatare, avuga ko ibi ari ibisanzwe bibaho ku matungo ndetse no ku bantu.

Ngo nta burwayi inka ifite nta n’ubwo ari amarozi, ahubwo ngo biterwa n’igihe cy’irema ry’ikiri mu nda rikorwa nabi hakabamo kugira ibice byinshi nk’amaguru, umutwe ukaba waba nk’uw’indi nyamanswa n’ibindi.

http://www.kigalitoday.com/

Gikondo:Uruganda rwafashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro

by www.igihe.info

Uruganda rukora matela rwegeranye n’urwahoze rukora amabuye ya radiyo azwi nka Volta Super rwafashwe n’inkongi y’umuriro kuri uyu wa kane tariki 23 Nyakanga 2015.

Urwo ruganda ruherereye ahazwi nka Camp Zaire mu kagali ka Kinunga, umurenge wa Gikondo mu karere ka Kicukiro, ubu ngo rukaba rwakoraga za matela, rwatangiye gushya ahagana saa kumi n’imwe z’igicamunsi kuri uyu wa kane.

Uru ruganda ngo ni ubwa kabiri ruhiye, aho ubwo ruheruka rwari rwanakongeje zimwe mu nzu z’abaturage bahatuye ariko ku bw’amahirwe inzego zishinzwe kuzimya zikahagoboka nta birangirika cyane.

Icyateye iyo nkongi ntikiramenyekana dore ko n’abo wahasangaga bose bavugaga ko babonye bigurumana bakihutira kubimenyesha inzego zishinzwe kuzimya.Inzego z’umutekano zahageze zigerageza kuzimya, iriko biba iby’ubusa kuko ibikoresho byose byarimo uhereye kuri za matela ndetse n’imashini zizikora byakongotse burundu.

Umuherwe Rwigara Assinapol yagonzwe n’ikamyo, iramuhitana

by www.igihe.info
Assinapol Rwigara, umunyemari w’Umunyarwanda umaze igihe kirekire mu bucuruzi, yitabye Imana kuri uyu wa 04 Gashyantare 2015, nyuma yo kugongwa n’ikamyo.

Ku mugoroba wo kuri uyu wa gatatu ubwo yari mu modoka ye y’ivatiri yo mu bwoko bwa Mercedes Benz, ikamyo iremereye nayo yo mu bwoko bwa Mercedes yamugongeye mu rubavu iramukurubana no mu mukoki (rigole), ku buryo ari Rwigara Assinapol ubwe, ari n’abo bari kumwe mu modoka, nta wabashije kurokoka iyi mpanuka ikomeye, nk’uko byavuzwe n’abahageze nyuma gato bikiba. Abo bari kumwe mu modoka, ntibaramenyekana.

Umunyemari Rwigara Assinapol yagonzwe n’ikamyo, ahasiga ubuzima

Iyi mpanuka yabereye hafi y’ahitwa mu Kabuga ka Nyarutarama, ni mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Kinyinya, ahegereye ibiro by’Akagari ka Gaculiro.

Incamake ku mateka ya Mzee Rwigara Assinapol
Assinapol Rwigara ni Umunyarwanda wavukiye mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura Kibuye. Mu mabyiruka ye nibwo yatangiye ibikorwa by’ubushabitsi (Business), ariko izina rye rimenyekana cyane mu bucuruzi mu myaka ya nyuma ya 1982.
Rwigara mu bucuruzi
Rwigara yamenyekanye nk’umwe mu banyemari bakomeye babaga mu Rwanda, dore ko nyuma ya Kabuga Felicien wafatwaga nk’umuherwe wa mbere mu Rwanda, agakurikirwa na Silas Majyambere wafatwaga njk’umuherwe wa kabiri mu gihugu, urutonde ntirwashoboraga kugera muri batanu (Top Five) izina rya Rwigara Assinapol ritavuzwe.

Mu bucuruzi bwe, niwe Munyarwanda wa mbere watangije Uruganda rukora itabi mu Rwanda, rikaba kandi ryaroherezwaga no hanze y’u Rwanda. Ni umwe mu Banyarwanda bake cyane batumizaga hanze kandi bakaranguza inzoga zo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi zihenze (Liqueurs, champagnes, … ), mu gihe cye zamenywaga na bake, kuko yaziranguzaga amahoteli n’ibindi bigo bikomeye.
Ubucuruzi bwe bwakomeje kwaguka no gutera imbere, yagurira ibikorwa bye no hanze y’u Rwanda.
Rwigara na Politiki
Assinapol Rwigara ntiyigeze agaragara mubikorwa bya politiki, ariko ubwo hatangiraga ibitero by’Inkotanyi mu mwaka w’1990, yabaye umwe mu bashyizwe mu majwi ko bazishyigikiye, ndetse afatwa nk’icyitso cyazo.
Kimwe n’abandi bacuruzi bamwe na bamwe, byaravuzwe inkuru iba gikwira ko Rwigara agurira imbunda n’amasasu inyangarwanda (imvugo yakoreshwaga ku bateye igihugu), hakaniyongeraho ko ngo yaba yarubakaga “inzu y’Umwami Kigeli”, icyo gihe byavugwaga ko yari kuzatahukana n’impunzi zateye igihugu.
Icyo gihe cyose Rwigara ntiyigeze agaragara yemera cyangwa ahakana ibimuvugwaho, yakomeje ibikorwa bye by’ubucuruzi. Mu nkubiri y’amashyaka menshi yavutse arenga icumi mu gihe cy’amezi umunani gusa (kuva Nyakanga 1991), nta shyaka na rimwe Rwigara yigeze yigaragazamo.
Nyuma ya 1994, Rwigara Assinapol yakomeje ibikora bye by’ubucuruzi, ariko ntiyabishyizemo imbaraga nyinshi nko hagati ya 1985 na 1990.
Rwigara mu manza
Kuwa Kane tariki 12 Nyakanga 2007, imwe mu nyubako za Rwigara Assinapol zari zikizamuka, yarahirimye, urukuta rw’amabuye ruhitana bamwe mu bakozi bamwubakiraga. Iyi mpanuka yabereye hafi y’ahitwa “Peage”, hari hashize amezi atandatu abubatsi bakirwana no kuzamura umusingi ukomeye.

Kubw’iyi mpanuka, Rwigara yagejejwe imbere y’inkiko, amenyeshwa ko akurikiranyweho ibyaha bibiri, icy’ubwigomeke n’icyo kwica no gukomeretsa atabigambiriye. Ubushinjacyaha ntibwabashije gutanga ibimenyetso ndahinyuzwa, bityo Urukiko rw’ibanze rwa Nyarugenge rumugira umwere kuwa 11 Nzeli 2007.
Binyujijwe mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, Ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali bwahagaritse ibikorwa byose kuri iyo nyubako, ibarizwa mu kibanza No 5860/Kiyovu.
Mu kwezi gushize (Mutarama 2015), Rwigara yasubukuye urubanza rwaherukaga gusomwa kuwa 28/02/2013, aho yatsindaga Akarere ka Nyarugenge mu rubanza yaregagamo kwimurwa binyuranyije n’amategeko no kubuzwa kubaka ikibanza cye cyo mu Kiyovu.

Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Rwigara Assinapol yasabaga kwishyurwa amafaranga akabakaba miliyoni Magana acyenda y’Amanyarwanda (897,852,157 frw)
Imishinga atarangije
Rwigara Assinapol ashoje ubuzima bwe atabashije kubaka bimwe mu bibanza bye, by’umwihariko ibibanza bitatu yateganyagamo ibikorwa binyuranye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali.
Rwigara agiye atageze ku mushinga wo kubaka Hotel ye bwite. Naho inzu bitiriraga ko yubakira Umwami, nayo atashye atayishoje, nyuma y’imyaka 26 itangiye kubakwa.
Rwigara agiye adashoje urubanza rwe rwari kuzaburanishwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 03 Werurwe 2015.

Umukoki imodoka yogonzwe yasunitswemo

Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa kane umuhanda wagongewemo Assinapol wari wongeye gukoreshwa nk’ibisanzwe

Amafoto: Thamimu Hakizimana
NTWALI John Williams

1% by’abakire mu 2016 baziharira 99% by’ubutunzi bw’abatuye isi

by www.igihe.info
Ngo niba nta gihindutse, abaherwe ku isi bangana na 1% bazaba batunze iby’abasigaye bose batuye Isi (99%) bishyizwe hamwe mu 2016 nk’uko bitangazwa na Raporo ya Oxfam yasohotse kuri uyu wa mbere.

Winnie Byanyima,Umuyobozi mukuru wa Oxfam International. Photographed by Alex Baker Photography.

Mbere y’uko haterana inama ya World Economic Forum meeting i Davos, Oxfam ikorera mu Busuwisi yatangaje muri raporo yayo ko niba ubusumbane bukabije buriho butitaweho ngo bugabanuke ubukungu bw’abantu bangana na 1% by’abatuye isi buzanarenga ubwa 99% basigaye bushyizwe hamwe.
Oxfam ivuga ko ubusumbane bukabije mu bukungu buri gutuma intambara yo kurwanya ubukene igorana cyane kuko ubu mu batuye Isi umuntu umwe mu icyenda we nta cyo kurya aba afite, naho miliyari irenga y’abantu (kuri 7 zituye isi) bo bakibeshwaho no munsi ya $1.25 ku munsi.
Winnie Byanyima umuyobozi wa Oxfam ku Isi uzaba uri mu bayoboye inama y’i Davos avuga ko ashaka kuzakoresha umwanya azahabwa agasaba ko isi igabanya isumbana rikabije ririho.
Uyu mugandekazi wabaye umugore wa mbere muri Uganda wize ‘Aeronautical engineering’ (ibyo gukanika indege n’ibyogajuru) avuga ko azibanda cyane ku gisaba Isi kwita cyane ku inyerezwa ry’imisoro rikorwa n’ibigo binini mu gihe abato n’abaciriritse bo ntaho bayicikira.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwa Oxfam bwatangajwe kuri uyu wa 19 Mutarama 2015 igaragaza ko abantu bangana na 1% by’abatuye isi ubukungu bwabo ubugereranyije n’uburi ku isi bwose, bwazamutse kuva kuri 44% mu 2009 kugera kuri 48% mu 2014.
Kuri iyi mpuzandengo, mu 2016 izaba igeze kuri 50%. Abagize abo 1% umutungo wabo ubarirwa kuri miliyoni 2,7$ mu 2014, kuri buri umwe mu bafite imyaka y’ubukuru.
Kugeza ubu 52% y’ubukungu bw’isi busigaye, igice kinini cyabwo (46%) gifitwe n’abandi bangu bangana na 1/5 cy’abatuye isi nk’uko bitangazwa na MailOneline.
Mme Byanyima, umugore wa Dr Kiiza Besigye ati “Ese koko turifuza kuba mu isi aho abantu bangana na 1% batunga iby’abasigaye bose bishyizwe hamwe?
Itandukaniro hagati y’umukire n’umukene riri kuba rigari cyane kandi vuba vuba. Mu mezi 12 ashize twumvise Perezida Obama na Mme Christine Lagarde (uyobora FMI) bavuga ko bagiye guhangana n’ubu busumbane, ariko turacyategereje ko batangira urwo rugendo.”
Uyu mugore avuga ko ubu busumbane buzahaza cyane abakene kuko ngo bakomeze gutindahara bitewe n’uko ubukungu bwabo bugenda bushonga bugana mu bw’abaherwe.
Mme Lynn Forester de Rothschild, umuybozi mukuru wa EL Rothschild (umuryango mugari uri mu ikize kurusha indi yose ku Isi) akaba n’umuyobzozi wa Coalition for Inclusive Capitalism, nawe uzaba uri mu bafite ijambo rinini mu nama y’i Davos yasabye abo bireba (nawe ari mo) ko bagira uruhare mu kurwanya ubu busumbane buriho ku isi.
Ati “Ubusumbane bukabije ni ikibi kibabaje, ibyo Oxfam yatangaje ni ikimenyetso ko ubu busumbane bukomeje gukabya. Ni igihe ko abayobozi b’isi ya ‘capitalism’ n’abanyepolitiki gushyiraho system iha amahirwe kandi inganyisha benshi.
Oxfam mu nama nk’iyi iheruka umwaka ushize yari yatangaje ko abantu 85 bakize kurusha abandi ku isi bafite umutungo ungana n’uw’abantu bangana na miliyari 3,5. Ni 1/2 cy’abatuye Isi.

U Bushinwa bwahise kuri USA ku kuba igihugu gikize kurusha ibindi ku Isi

by www.igihe.info
Mu 2013, u Bushinwa bwari u bwa 89 ku Isi mu kugira abaturage babayeho neza, Urubuga nkoranyabumenyi Wikipedia ruvuga ko ari bwo butuwe na benshi ku Isi na 1,367,050,000.

Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari, FMI cyatangaje ko uyu mwaka urangiye u Bushinwa ari cyo gihugu gikize kurusha ibindi ku Isi, busimbuye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA).
Ikinyamakuru cy’ubucuruzi, Market Watch kivuga ko imibare ya FMI igaragaza ko agaciro k’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu w’u Bushinwa ari miliyari 17 632 z’amadorali, mu gihe aka USA ari miliyari 17 416.
Mu mwaka ushize USA yarushaga gato cyane u Bushinwa ubukungu.

U Bushinwa bwahigitse USA ku kuba igihugu gikize kurusha ibindi ku Isi

Ifaranga ry’u Bushinwa Yuan Renminbi

U Bushinwa bwashyizeho gahunda y’igihe kirekire y’iterambere ry’inganda bivugwa ko ari yo ituma ubukungu bwabwo buzamuka byihuse.
FMI iteganya ko u Bushinwa buzaguma kuba igihugu gikize kurusha ibindi ku Isi igihe kirekire.
Impuguke mu by’ubukungu zivuga ko u Bushinwa bwatangiye kwanikira USA mu 2011 hagendewe ku gaciro k’ifaranga.
Biragoye gupima ubukungu bw’ibihugu kuko biba bikoresha amafaranga atanganya agaciro kandi n’imiberho y’ababituye ntaho ihuriye, ni yo mpamvu mu gupima benshi bagendera ku ifaranga rimwe (Idolari rya Amerika) ariko bakanareba ubushobozi bwo kugura ibintu bw’ifaranga mu gihugu.
Urugero iyo amadorali ijana aagura umufuka w’isukari mu Rwanda, ariko muri Uganda akagura imifuka ibiri, bemeza ko Uganda ishobora kuba ikize kurusha u Rwanda.
Impuguke zivuga ko nubwo u Bushinwa buzaba igihugu gikize kurusha ibindi ku Isi igihe kirekire, imibereho y’abaturage babwo izaguma kuba mibi ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu byateye imbere.

Ubwoko bw’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mu myaka ijana ishize (Igice cya II)

by www.igihe.info
Mu gice cya mbere cy’iyi nkuru twabagejejeho amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda n’uko yagiye ahindagurwa mu myaka 20 ishize, ahabaye impinduka inshuro zirenga icumi. Mu gice cya kabiri, turakomeza n’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu myaka 80 ibanza (1914-1994). Muri iyi nyandiko turahinira ku gihe cy’ubukoloni. Hagati aho, mu nyandiko iheruka (igice cya mbere) icyo tutongeyemo, ni uko n’ibiceri bishya bya 50 byahinduwe inshuro eshatu. Byabanje gukorwa byanditseho Banki Nasiyonali y’u Rwanda, biza guhindurwa bishyirwaho Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, bihindurwa na none bigabanyirizwa ingano (size).
Igice cya kabiri: Amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mu gihe cy’ubukoloni
Abadage ni bo ba mbere bakoronije u Rwanda; Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi (1914-1918) yabakuye mu bihugu byose bari basanganywe. Ariko mu by’ukuri ntibakoronizaga bonyine, kuko n’abapadiri bera n’abandi bashakashatsi wasangaga bafite aho bahurira n’imiyoborere y’igihugu, kandi aba baturukaga mu bihugu binyuranye byo ku Mugabane w’u Burayi.
Mu gihe cy’Abadage nta mafaranga yakoreshwaga hagati y’abo n’Abanyarwanda nyirizina, kuko ntacyo bahahaga nabo, mu gihe Abanyarwanda bo bari basanzwe bakoresha uburyo bw’iguranagurisha (Commerce de Troc /Barter).
Iguranagurisha ryakorwaga abantu bahanahana ibyo bafite bikavunjwamo ibyo badafite. Ufite agatebo k’ubuyobe akagurana n’ufite ingemeri indwi z’ibishyimbo, utanze ukuguru kw’inka agahabwa ikibindi cy’umutsama…
Ifaranga rimwe hagati y’u Rwanda, u Burundi na Congo Mbiligi
Nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi, u Rwanda rwakoronijwe n’Ababiligi, bakoronizaga igihugu gituranyi cya Congo (Congo Belge, Zaïre, RDC y’ubu). Kubera ko u Rwanda rwari rusanzwe ruyoborerwa hamwe n’u Burundi (Raanda-Urundi) mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’Abadage, Ababiligi barabikomeje bashyiraho n’ifaranga rikoreshwa mu bihugu bitatu mu karere.

Inoti yo mu mwaka wa 1914. Intambara ya mbere y’isi ikirangira, iyi noti yari ifite agaciro muri Kongo-Mbiligi, u Rwanda na Urundi

Amwe mu mafaranga yakoreshejwe muri bihugu bitatu kugeza buri kimwe kibonye ubwigenge bwacyo
Amafaranga akurikira ni aya Banque Centrale du Congo na Rwanda-Urundi

Uretse aya mafaranga ahuriweho n’ibihugu bitatu, amafaranga ya Congo-Mbiligi na yo yakomeje guhabwa agaciro mu Rwanda no mu Burundi kugeza igihe hasohorewe ahuriweho gusa n’u Rwanda n’u Burundi.
Amafaranga ya Banque d’Emission du Rwanda et du Burundi/BERB

Nyuma y’ubwigenge buri gihugu cyatangiye gukoresha amafaranga yacyo bwite

Mu gice cya gatatu tuzabagezaho amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda muri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri.

NTWALI John Williams

Ubwoko bw’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mu myaka ijana ishize (igice cya I)

by www.igihe.info
Mu kiganiro Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yahaye abanyamakuru kuwa 03/12/2014, ubuyobozi bwayo bwavuze ko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ridahinduka cyane, ko no mu myaka 20 ishize habaye impinduka zigaragara inshuro ebyiri gusa, mu gihe ngo mu bindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe bo bahindura kenshi amafaranga bakoresha.

Ibi byaduteye gusubiza amaso inyuma, tukiyibutsa amafaranga u Rwanda rwakoresheje kuva 1914 – 1994 (imyaka mirongo inani) no kuva 1994 – 2014 (Imyaka 20).
Iki cyegeranyo kiri mu byiciro bitatu:

Icya mbere ni icy’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mu myaka 20 ishize,

Icya kabiri n’icy’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda kuva mu gihe cy’Ubukoloni kugeza kuri Repubulika ya kabiri

Icya gatatu ni isesengura ku isano, imisusire n’itandukaniro hagati y’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mu bihe byahise.
Igice cya Mbere: Amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu myaka 20 ishize (1994-2014)
Inoti zabanje guhindurwa kuwa 01/12/1994, zishyirwa ku isoko kuwa 01/01/1995. Icyo gihe zahinduwe zose, hasigara gusa inoti y’ijana (100 F) n’ibiceri (50F, 20F, 10F, 5F, 2F, 1F). Iki gihe, inoti zose zikoreshwa mu Rwanda zariho indimi ebyiri: Igifaransa n’Ikinyarwanda.
Inoti ya 500 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/12/1994

Ubwoko bw’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mu myaka ijana ishize (igice cya I)

Inoti ya 1000 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/12/1994

Inoti ya 5000 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/12/1994

Nyuma y’imyaka ine, hakozwe izindi noti nshya za 500F, 1000 F, na 5000 F, zisimbura byose uko byakabaye ibyari bigize inoti zasohotse mu mwaka w’1994. Inoti zakozwe mu mwaka wa 1998, nazo zariho Ikinyarwanda n’Igifaransa gusa.
Inoti ya 500 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/12/1998

Inoti ya 1000 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/12/1998

Inoti ya 5000 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/12/1994

Nyuma y’imyaka itanu, mu mwaka wa 2003, hakozwe inoti nshya imwe ya 100 FRW, iza isimbura iyari imaze imyaka isaga 20 ikoreshwa mu Rwanda. Inoti nshya ya 100 Frw yacapwe inshuro ebyiri mu mwaka umwe. Yabanje gukorwa mu ndimi ebyiri, Kinyarwanda n’Igifaransa nk’uko byari bisanzwe. Hari kuwa 01/05/2003.
Ihindurwa ry’ibiceri (1F, 5F, 10F, 20F, 50F)
Mu mwaka w’2003, hakozwe ibiceri bishya bisimbura ibyari bimaze imyaka isaga 20 bikoreshwa mu Rwanda. Uko ari bitanu byarasimbuwe (1F, 5F, 10F, 20F, 50F), naho igiceri cy’amafaranga abiri (2F) nticyongeye gukorwa ukundi.
Ibiceri byasohotse mu mwaka wa 2003

Ibiceri byose byasohotse biriho ikirangantego ku ruhande rumwe, ku rundi ruhande hakaba ubwoko bunyuranye bw’ibihingwa byera mu Rwanda. Ikindi ibiceri bishya byari bihuriyeho ni uko byose bifite ururimi rumwe gusa: Ikinyarwanda.
Inoti ya 100 Frw yasohowe kuwa 01/05/2003, mu ndimi ebyiri

ICYONGEREZA KU NOTI, BWA MBERE MU MATEKA Y’U RWANDA
Nyuma y’amezi ane inoti y’amafaranga ijana ikozwe, yahise ihindurwa, ikorwa mu ndimi eshatu, Ku Kinyarwanda n’Igifaransa hongerwamo Icyongereza, ari nabwo bwa mbere cyari kigaragaye ku noti z’u Rwanda.
Inoti ya 100 Frw yasohowe kuwa 01/09/2003, mu ndimi eshatu

Guhindura indimi zikoreshwa ku noti hakongerwamo icyongereza, byatumye nyuma y’umwaka umwe n’izindi noti zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu gihugu zihinduka, zinakorwa bundi bushya, zidafite aho zihuriye n’izazibanjirije, haba mu mabara, ibirango n’ibimenyetso.
Inoti ya 5000 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/04/2004

Inoti ya 500 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/07/2004

Inoti ya 1000 Frw yasohotse kuwa 01/12/2004

Nyuma y’iminsi 30 hakozwe indi noti nshya itarahozeho mu Rwanda, inoti y’amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri (2000 FRW).
Inoti ya 2000 Frw yasohotse kuwa 31/10/2007

Igiceri cy’amafaranga ijana cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 2007

Igiceri cy’amafaranga ijana nticyahinduye gusa inoti yari isanzweho, ahubwo ni na cyo cya mbere cyagaragayeho inyito “Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda” yasimbuye ” Banki Nasiyonali y’u Rwanda”
“Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda” inyito yatumye hasubirwamo inoti zose zanditseho “Banki Nasiyonali y’u Rwanda”
Uretse inoti y’amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri (2000 Frw) yakozwe mu mwaka umwe n’igiceri gishya byombi bigashyirwaho Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2007, izindi noti (Iya 500 Frw, 1000 Frw n’iya 5000 Frw) zasubiwemo ngo zihuze n’inyito yari yemewe.
Inoti ya 500 Frw n’iya 1000 Frw zasubiwemo kuwa 01/02/2008

Kuri izi noti nshya za 2008, inyito ’Governor’ na ’Vice-Gouverneur’ nazo zashyizwe mu Kinyarwanda.
Inoti ya 5000 Frw nayo yaje guhindurwa kuwa 01/02/2009

IKURWAHO RY’IGIFARANSA MU NDIMI ZIKORESHWA KU NOTI MU RWANDA
Nk’uko igihe Icyongereza cyongerwaga ku noti y’ijana byabaye ngombwa ko n’izindi zose zihindurwa kigashyirwaho, ni nako bimeze. Igifaransa cyakuwe ku noti ya 500 iranahinduka yose uko yakabaye.
Inoti ya 500 yasohotse kuwa 01/01/2013

Inoti zisigaye (1000 F, 2000 F, 5000 F) nazo zizavugururwa ngo zubahirize iri hame rya BNR nk’uko byemejwe na Guverineri John Rwangombwa.
Hagati aho, Inama y’Abaminisitiri yo kuwa 12/11/2014 yemeje iteka rya Perezida rishyiraho inoti nshya ya 2000 F, n’iya 5000 F, izi nazo ntizizabonekaho Igifaransa. Biteganyijwe ko izi noti zishyirwa ku isoko mu gihe cya vuba, ariko zo zikaba zisa cyane n’izo zisimbuye.
Ibiceri nabyo byagiye bisubirwamo mu bihe binyuranye, bikurwaho Banki Nasiyonali bishyirwaho Banki Nkuru

Iki ni igice cya mbere, tubararikiye igice cya kabiri ku mafaranga yakoreshejwe mu Rwanda mu gihe cy’ubukoloni no muri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri.

NTWALI John Williams

Ubushinwa bwaciye kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu bukungu

by www.igihe.info
Ubushinwa bwaciye kuri USA mu bukungu

Nubwo Abashinwa benshi ari abakene, ubu igihugu cyabo nicyo kiyoboye ibindi mu bukungu ku isi (Ifoto/Interineti)

Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imali (FMI) cyatangaje ko biteganyijwe ko uyu mwaka umusaruro w’Ubushinwa (GDP) uziyongera ugaca ku wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Byemejwe ko Ubushinwa ari bwo buyoboye ubukungu bw’isi kuri ubu, nk’uko urubuga rw’Abanyamerika MarketWatch ruzobereye mu nkuru z’ubukungu rubitangaza.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu 2014 umusaruro w’Ubushinwa (GDP) uzakabakaba miliyari 17.632 z’amadolari ya Amerika, naho uwa Leta Zunze Ubumzwe za Amerika uzaba ari miliyari 17.416.

MarketWatch ivuga ko ivugururwa ryabayeho mu kubara umusaruro (GDP) y’Ubushinwa, ari kimwe mu byatumye hongerwamo ibikorwa byinshi bigenzurwa nk’umutungo w’igihugu bitajyaga byitabwaho mbere.

Uyu mwanya wa mbere Ubushinwa bwagiyeho, bigaragara ko butazawuvaho vuba nk’uko Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imali kibitangaza.

Kuva mu 2011 Ubushinwa bwagaragaje ubwiyongere bw’ubukungu bwabwo ari naho abahanga mu by’ubukungu bakomeje gutangaza ko iki gihugu kizaca kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, none bibaye impamo.

Ibi ntibibuza ariko kuba Idolari ari ryo rikomeje kuba imbere y’Iriyuan rikoreshwa mu Bushinwa, dore ko Idolari ari naryo rigura ibintu byinshi mu Bushinwa kurusha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Nubwo Ubushinwa bwicaye ku ntebe mu by’ubukungu ku isi, ntibibuza ariko ko umusaruro w’umuturage ukiri hasi kubera ko urutonde rwo mu 2013 rugaragaza ko iki gihugu cyari ku mwanya wa 89 ku isi, bitewe ahanini n’umubare munini w’abaturage bacyo kandi barimo abakene benshi.

Vatikani: Havumbuwe miliyoni z’amayero zitari zizwi mu bubiko bwa Kiliziya

by www.igihe.info
Minisitiri w’Ubukungu wa Leta ya Vatikani yatangaje ko bavumbuye miliyoni zibarirwa mu Magana z’amayero mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya Gatolika zitari zizwi mu mpapuro z’ubukungu bwayo.

Ibiro Ntaramakuru by’Abongereza Reuters bivuga ko karidinari George Pell yanditse mu Kinyamakuru cya Kiliziya Gatolika mu Bwongereza cyagiye ahagaragara uyu munsi ko ubukungu bwa Vatikani bwifashe neza ku buryo burenze ubukenewe.
Ati” Mu by’ukuri twasanze imari ya Kiliziya Gatolika ari nyinshi kurusha uko twabyibwiraga kuko hari za miliyoni z’amayero tutari tuzi twavumbuye . ”

Vatikani: Havumbuwe miliyoni amagana z’amayero zitari zizwi mu bubiko bwa Kiliziya

Karidinali Pell

Karidinari Pell ufite urufunguzo rw’ibigega bya kiliziya Gatolika, akomoka muri Australia, yahamagajwe na Papa Francis ngo aze akemure ibibazo byari mu micungirwe y’imari i Vatikani.
Yashyizeho impinduka zikomeye zizafasha Kiliziya Gatolika gucunga imari yayo ku buryo bujyanye n’amahame mpuzamahanga zizatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama.
Kuva Papa Francis yatorwa muri Mata 2013, Vatikani yagize amavugurura akomeye ngo idasesagura imitungo kandi inirinde abayinyereza.

BNR igiye kujyanwa mu nkiko na Green Party

by www.igihe.info
BNR igiye kujyanwa mu nkiko

Aho Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ikorera (Ifoto/Interineti)

Ishyaka Riharanira Kurengera Ibidukikije na Demokarasi (Green Party) ryiyemeje kujyana mu nkiko Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu (BNR), kubera kuburizamo ururimi rw’Igifaransa ku mafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Ejo hashize BNR yashyize hanze inoti y’amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri ndetse n’iya bitanu zitagaragaraho ururimi rw’Igifaransa, ahubwo iyi noti ikaba igaragaraho ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda n’Icyongereza gusa.

Aganira n’Izuba Rirashe, Umuyobozi w’iri shyaka Frank Habineza yavuze ko biyemeje kurega BNR mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga kubera ko bakomeje guhonyora Itegeko Nshinga Abanyarwanda bitoreye, aho bigaragara ko mu Rwanda hemewe gukoresha indimi eshatu, ariko ngo hakaba hakoreshwa ebyiri gusa Icyongereza ndetse n’Ikinyarwanda.

Habineza yagize ati “Turimo kuganira n’abatwunganira mu mategeko kugira ngo turebe uburyo twajyana ikirego cyacu mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo arirwo ruzafata umwanzuro kuri iki kibazo.”

Habineza yakomeje avuga ko nta mpamvu n’imwe ituma ururimi rw’Igifaransa ruvanwa ku birango by’igihugu nyamara rugaragara mu Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda.

Yagize ati “Igifaransa nacyo gikwiye gushyirwa ku birango by’igihugu, cyangwa bikaruta bakarekeraho Ikinyarwanda cyonyine.”

Umuyobozi wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, Guverineri John Rwangombwa ubwo yari mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru hamurikwa inoti nshya y’amafaranga ibihumbi bibiri n’iya bitanu kuwa Gatatu tariki ya Gatatu Ukuboza 2014, yavuze ko kuba Igifaransa kitagaragara ku noti nshya, ntaho bihuriye no kwica Itegeko Nshinga, kandi ko nta hantu BNR ihurira n’amashyaka ya Politike.

Rwangombwa yagize ati “Iyo urebye indangamuntu zacu nta Gifaransa kiriho, wareba impushya zo gutwara imodoka dukoresha nta Gifaransa kiriho, kuvuga ngo Igifaransa gikoreshwe ku ifaranga ryo mu Rwanda n’Abafaransa batagifite ku ifaranga bakoresha iwabo, ni ibintu bidafite agaciro.”

Rwangombwa kandi yavuze ko niba Green Party ifite ikibazo yazajya kurega, ati “Ibya Green Party n’ibya Green Party, twebwe turi Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu nta mwihariko tugirana n’amashyaka ya Politike, ubwo niba afite ikibazo azagende arege.”

Ishyaka Green Party rimaze igihe gito ryemewe mu ihuriro ry’amashyaka yemewe mu Rwanda, ryatangiye kugaragaza kutishimira kuvana ururimi rw’Igifaransa ku mafaranga akoreshwa mu Rwanda mu mwaka 2013 ubwo hashyirwaga hanze inoti nshya y’amafaranga 500 itagaragaraho ururimi rw’Igifaransa.