Muri afurika, umwumbati akenshi uhingwa ku mirima mito, ivanze n’imboga, ibindi bihingwa nk’ikawa , n’imbuto, ibijumba, ibigori,umueri, ubunyobwa n’ibindi. Ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane mu bahinzi bato kubera ko ihenze no kuba itaboneka. Imizi isarurwa hagati y’amezi 6 n’imyaka 3 nyuma yo guhinga.
1.Mu Rwanda Ihingwa cyane mu mayaga, mu murambi n’umukenke by’iburasirazuba. Ihingwa mu butaka buseseka, bw’isi ndende kandi buhitisha amazi.
2. Amoko yamamazwa n’ibiyaranga
3. Gutegura umurima:
• Kurwanya isuri.
• Guhinga umurima.
4. Gufumbira:
• Bashyiramo 10-20 T/Ha z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza.
• Bakongeramo 300 Kg/Ha za NPK17.17.17, mu kaziga kazengurutse ingeri zimaze gufata.
5. Gutera ingeri:
• Batera ingeri zivuye mu murima w’imyumbati itarwaye kandi year neza. Ingeri iba ifite byibuze amaso 5.
• Batera ingeri 10.000 z’imyumbati kuri Ha.
• Batera kuri 1 m hagati y’imirongo, no kuri 1 m hagati y’ingeri n’iyindi.
• Bashyira ingeri 1 mu mwobo.
• Igihe cy’itera: hagati y’Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo.
6. Kuyikenura (Kuyikorera cg Kuyifata neza):
• Kubagara nyuma y’ukwezi bamaze gutera.
• Gusukira imaze kugira 60 cm z’uburebure.
• Bongera kubagara iyo bibaye ngombwa, umwumbati ufite amezi 3.
7. Indwara n’ibyonnyi
A). INDWARA Z’INGENZI N’UBURYO BWO KUZIRWANYA
- Indwara y’ububembe ni indwara iterwa n’agakoko ko m’ubwoko bwa virusi bita Cassava Mosaic Virus – CMV; iyo virusi ikwirakwizwa n’isazi bita Bemisia tabaci. Iyo ndwara iboneka ahahingwa hose imyumbati mu Rwanda, n’ahandi muri Afrika. Indwara itangira ikibabi kizana amabara y’imihondo, ahasigaye ari icyatsi hakaguma gukura ugasanga ikibabi kirikunjakunja, kigapfunyarara nyuma kikagira amatwi.
Iyo bikabije umwumbati ukura nabi ukagwingira. Umuhinzi agomba kurandura buri gihe ibiti birwaye mu murima; Guhingira igihe;
Gutera imbuto nzima yatoranijwe neza mu murima; Gukoresha imbuto z’indobanure zihanganira indwara no gukomatanya ingamba zavuzwe haruguru, kugirira isuku umurima no guhinga neza ku buryo birwanya kandi bigakumira ingaruka ziterwa na Bemisia tabaci (Isazi).
Amoko y’imyumbati yihanganira indwara ni NDAMIRABANA/ISAR (TME
14) ; MBAGARUMBISE/ISAR (MH95/0414); CYIZERE/ISAR (I92/0057)
na MBAKUNGAHAZE/ISAR (95/NA/00063)
Izo mbuto zose zihanganira indwara kandi zikagira umurumbuko kuva kuri toni 20 kugeza kuri toni 40 kuri hegitari imwe mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi.
B). IBYONNYI BY’INGENZI N’UBURYO BWO KUBIRWANYA
- Agatagangurirwa ni agakoko bita Mononychellus tanajoa. Ni udutagangurirwa dufite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi. Twangiza imyumbati cyane mu gihe cy’izuba. Ku mwumbati tugaragara ku mababi yo hejuru akivuka no ku mutwe w’amashami kuko horoshye. Amababi usanga ari icyatsi kibisi kivanzemo utubara tw’umuhondo kandi twinshi. Amababi ata ireme akagwingira ntakure, nyuma agahunguka. Ku mutwe w’amashami hasigara utubabi tumeze nk’utwana tw’inyoni. Umwumbati ugira ingingo ngufi cyane.
Uburyo bwo kuyirwanya : gutera imyumbati yera vuba, mu gihe imvura itangiye kugwa (ku muhindo) ; gutera amoko yihanganira agatagangurirwa.
8. Gusarura no guhunika:
• Basarura hagati ya 20 T na 50 T/Ha z’imyumbati bitewe n’imihingire.
• Iguma mu mirima ikazakurwa bibaye ngombwa; cyangwa ikabikwa ahantu humutse ari imivunde yumye; ubundi ikavamo ifu y’ubugari.
hifashishijwe:agatabo DUHINGE KIJYAMBERE – agatabo ka 2
Urwenya 