Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na kaminuza yitiriwe Pierre et Marie Curie mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa, avuga ko ibitunguru ari kimwe mu mboga zitaruhanya mu kuzihinga, zikunda ubutaka butandukanye, ndetse bikaba bishobora no kwemera ubutaka busharira hagati ya PH ya 4.6 na 6.5, bityo ugasanga gitandukanye n’izindi mboga mu murima, aho nyinshi muri zo zikundira ubutaka budasharira.
Aha bavuga ko usanga igitunguru gishobora guhingwa mu butaka busharira cyangwa budasharira bwose kigashobora kubwihanganira, ndetse kikagerageza gutanga umusaruro ugaragara.
Nk’uko ayo makuru akomeza abivuga, usanga igitunguru gishobora guhingwa gifashishijwe imbuto cyangwa utujumba twacyo. Aha bavuga ko ari byiza kugihinga wifashishijwe utujumba twacyo (sets) kuko bigabanya cyane ikibazo cy’indwara zangiza ibitunguru, ndetse bikanoroha cyane ku guhita gifata mu butaka gihinzwemo mu buryo butagoranye.
Ayo makuru avuga ko utujumba tw’igitunguru duhenda cyane ugereranyije n’imbuto, ariko kandi na none ukaba wizeye ko uzabona umusaruro munini kuko nta ngemwe zipfa nyinshi. Aha bavuga ko ari byiza kubanza fuhumbika kugira ngo umusaruro ube mwinshi.
Ubusanzwe ibitunguru bikomoka ku mugabane wa Aziya, mu bihugu nka Pakistan. Usanga igitunguru gifite umwihariko wo kuryoshya ibiryo, ariko kandi kikaba kizwiho kuba umuti w’indwara ziterwa na mikorobe zitandukanye cyane cyane uduhumyo.
Ayo makuru agaruka ku buhinzi bw’igitunguru, aho bavuga ko bitabuza kugihingana ifumbire nk’uko bikorwa no ku bindi bihingwa. Ibyo bituma gishobora kugandara, kikaba cyatanga umusaruro mwinshi waba uw’amababi cyangwa ibijumba byacyo muri rusange.
Kugeza ubu mu Rwanda hahingwa ibitunguru, ariko usanga akenshi hahingwa bike bituma biba bike ku isoko n’igiciro cyabyo kikaba kiri hejuru.
UKO BAHINGA IBITUNGURU
Ifumbire ushyira ibiro bibiri kuri metero kare y’ubuso ( 2kg/m2)
Bikunda ahantu hava izuba: soleil
Hagati y’igitunguru n’ikindi ushyiramo intera ya : 10cm
Hagati y’umurongo n’undi ushyiramo intera ya : 25cm
Category: ubuhinzi
Menya uko wahinga tungurusumu n’akamaro kayo
Tungurusumu ni ubwoko bw’ibitunguru bikoreshwa nk’indyoshyandyo cyangwa umuti uvura cyangwa ukunganira indi miti mu kuvura indwara nyinshi zirimo inkorora,rubagimpande,imitsi,igifu,diyabeti n’izindi nk’uko tubikesha imfashanyigisho y’ikigo k’igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi bw’imboga,imbuto n’indabyo”RHODA”ubu cyabaye ishami rya NAEB.
Tungurusumu zihingwa gute?
Tungurusumu zihingwa mu butaka butaremereye,buhitisha amazi kandi burimo ifumbire iringaniye. Tungurusumu ntizikunda ifumbire itarabora neza. Tungurus ziterwa mu turima dufite m 1,2 mu bugari,uburebure bwo buterwa n’uburebure bw’umurima cyangwa ubushake bw’umuhinzi. Mu gutera Tungurusumu bakoresha udutanyu tugize ikijumba cyayo.
Umuhinzi asiga pate 2 cyangwa cm30 hagati y’imirongo na cm 15 hagati y’akobo n’akandi
Ntabwo tungurusumu ikenera kwinaza. Baterera rimwe udutanyu ku mirongo igororotse itandukanijwe na cm 30 naho hagati y’akobo n’akandi bagasigamo cm 15. Ni ukuvuga intambwe 2 z’ikiganza”Pate”. Naho hagati y’akobo n’akandi hagasigara pate imwe y’ikiganza. Utera tungurusumu arambika imbuto mu kobo agatwe kareba hejuru,agatwikiriza agataka gake imbuto amaze gutera.
Imirimo ikorerwa Tungurusumu mu murima
Tungurusumu ntizibasha gucuranwa ibitunga ibihingwa n’ibyatsi bibi bimera mu murima. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kubagara igihe cyose hamezemo ibyatsi. Tungurusu,u kandi zirasukirwa ariko ukirinda kwegereza imizi kugira ngo utayikomeretsa ukaba ugabanije umusaruro wari kuzabona.
Umusaruro
Tungurusumu zera hashize iminsi iri hagati 180 na 210 zitewe. Ni ukuvuga hagati y’amezi 3 n’ane. Ikikubwira ko Tungurusumu zeze neza ni uko amababi yazo ahinduka umuhondo maze akigonda akagwa hasi ku butaka. Ikindi kigaragaza ko tungurusumu zeze neza ni uko ibishishwa bitwikiriye ibijumba bigenda bigabanuka ;zikaba zeze iyo byagabanutse hagasigara 3 kugeza kuri 5.
Umusaruro wa Tungurusumu ushobora kugeza kuri Toni hagati ya 16 na 20 kuri hegitali. Mbere yo gusarura tungurusumu bareka kuzivomerera mu gihe cy’ibyumweru nka 2 kugira ngo zumuke.
Guhunika no kugurisha tungurusumu
Tungurusumu zimaze gusarurwa zibikwa ahantu hari umwuka mwiza ariko mu gicucu. Mu Rwanda ni hake cyane bahinga tungurusumu ku buryo zidahaza isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu,ugasanga tungurusumu zikoreshwa mu Rwanda ari izitumizwa hanze nko mu Bushinwa. Ari nayo mpamvu ngo ari ngombwa ko abanyarwanda bakwitabira guhinga Tungurusumu kuko babona isoko RHODA ishami rya NAEB yabyerekanye mu mfashanyigisho yayo.
Akamaro ka Tungurusumu
Tungurusumu ifite akamaro kanini mu mirire y’abantu. Tungurusumu kandi ikoreshwa mu mwanya cyangwa yunganira imiti ivura indwara zinyuranye nk’imitsi,rubagimpande,asima,inkorora,umuvuduko munini w’amaraso,indwara z’ubuhumekero,igituntu,umusonga,umutima,inzoka,igifu,amara,impiswi,kanseri z’abantu cyangwa z’amatungo,indwara z’uruhu nk’ibiheri,ibikomere n’izindi. Tungurusumu kandi zikoreshwa mu kuvura bimwe na bimwe mu byonnyi mu mu myaka. Icyo gihe tungurusumu ivangwa n’urusenda ndetse n’isabune.
Gutegura indyo zirimo tungurusumu
Tungurusumu mbisi zikoreshwa zonyine cyangwa zivanze n’imbuto. Iyo ari zonyine barazihekenya cyangwa bakazisekura bakongeramo n’akunyu kugira ngo bagabanye uburure bwazo. Abahanga benshi bemeza ko gukoresha tungurusumu mbisi ari byiza kurushaho,abandi bakabyangira ko zikomeza guhumura ku muntu waziriye ari mbisi.
Tungurusumu zitetse
Tungurusumu zitekwa nk’ibitunguru bindi bisanzwe cyangwa zikongerwa mu ndyo zindi zinyuranye kugira ngo ziryohe. Tungurusumu zitetse mu magi zigabanya bya binure biziba imitsi bita”choresterol”.
Umutobe urimo tungurusumu
Tungurusumu mbisi barazitunganya bakazisekura,bakazivanga n’umutobe w’izindi mbuto nka pome,amapapayi,amacunga,indium,maracuja,inanasi n’izindi cyangwa imboga nk’amashu,beterave,karoti n’izindi,ukanyobwa kugira ngo umare inyota cyangwa se ufashe umubiri mu kurwanya indwara nyinshi zavuzwe. Muhinzi ushaka guhinga tungurusumu,kuzikoresha mu rugo,kuzivurisha,kuzigurisha n’ibindi ni ahawe gukurikiza amabwiriza wahawe kugira ngo zikurumbukire.
Isoko y’inkuru :umuhinzi.com
Ni gute wahinga umuceri?
Uhingwa mu bishanga by’uturere dushyuha (tw’imirambi n’imisozi iringaniye) mu butaka bw’ibumba n’ubundi bwose budahitisha amazi.
Amoko yamamazwa n’ibiyaranga:
Imbuto nshyashya, zigeze vuba mu buhinzi bw’umuceri mu Rwanda:
Kigega, Nzahaha, Terimbere, Rumbuka, Nemeyubutaka, Kimaranzara, Ndamirabahinzi, Muhinzi, Kanyabukungu, Imberabyombi, Ndengera,Nsizebashonje, Garukuhunge, Mbakungahaze, Ndamirabana, Kungahara, Jyambere, Mpembuke, Mbangukira, Cyicaro.
Gutegura umurima:
- Kurwanya isuri cyane ku misozi iteganye n’igishanga.
- Kurima bwa mbere.
- Gutegura pepiniyeri (kuri plate-bande).
- Gucoca.
Gukora puddling, umunsi umwe mbere yo gutera. Gufumbira: Bashyiramo 200 Kg za NPK17.17.17 kuri Ha mu gihe cy’igemura cyangwa 100 Kg za DAPNA na Kg 135 za Ire; bakongeramo 100 Kg za Ire mu gihe umuceri utangiye guhagika. Ifumbire ya Ire iterwa mu byiciro bibiri cyangwa bitatu bijyanye n’ibihe by’ibagara. N.B: Mbere yo gushyiramo ifumbire, ni ukubanza kuvana amazi mu turima kugira ngo idapfa ubusa. Gutera imbuto n’ingemwe: Batera hagati ya 0.15 Kg na 0.2 Kg kuri ari 1, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’imbuto. - Bagemura umuceri bawutera ku mirongo itandukanyijwe na 25 cm, hagati y’akobo n’akandi hakabamo 25 cm. Mu kobo bateramo akagemwe 1 k’imbuto y’umuceri (SRI). Igihe cy’itera: Ukuboza-Mutarama (Season B) na Kamena-Nyakanga (Season A).
N.B: Mu Bugarama: Nyakanga-Kanama (Season A) no muri Gashyantare (Season B).
Kuwukenura (Kuwukorera cg kuwufata neza):
- Kubagara inshuro ebyili cyangwa eshatu.
- Kuhira no gukamura amazi.
Biracyaza ,ubutaha tuzabagezaho indwara z’umuceri n’uko wazirinda.
Twifashishije agatabo:DUHINGE KIJYAMBERE ka
Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi
Ibinyomoro byitaweho bitanga umusaruro mwiza
Iyo ibinyomoro byitaweho bitanga umusaruro mwiza ku muhinzi kandi bikamuteza imbere cyane iyo akurikiza amabwiriza asabwa mu kubihinga.
Ibinyomoro ni igihingwa gikomoka mu gihugu cya Shili, Equateur na Boliviya muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo. Amakuru menshi avuga ko ibinyomoro kimwe n’izindi mbuto nyinshi byaba byaraje mu Rwanda bizanywe n’abanyamahanga( abazungu cyane cyane abamisiyoneri). Byatangiye biterwa cyane cyane kuri za misiyoni, nyuma Abanyarwanda bagenda babitera hirya no hino nk’uko bitangazwa n’ imfashanyigisho z’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ( RAB )
Hari amoko menshi y’ibinyomoro
Ibinyomoro birimo amoko menshi atandukanywa cyane n’uko urubuto ruteye ndetse n’ibara ry’urubuto rweze n’ingano y’igiti. Mu Rwanda haboneka amoko atatu atandukanywa n’ubunini n’ibara ry’urubuto. hari amoko yera ibinyomoro binini n’ayera ibinyomoro bito akunze kuba umuhondo cyangwa umutuku. Ibinyomoro bigira ibara ry’imbuto ry’umutuku usanga bikunzwe ku masoko kubera ibara ryabyo.
Uko ibinyomoro biteye n’ubutaka bikunda
Ibinyomoro ni ibiti by’umubyimba muto bigira imizi itari miremire n’uburebure bushobora kugera kuri metero 6. Bikunda uturere dukonja ,ahantu hagwa imvura igabanije neza mu mwaka iri ku gipimo cya mm 1200-3000 ku mwaka, ubutumburuke kugera kuri metero 3000. Ibinyomoro byera neza mu butaka burimo ifumbire, bufite ubutote buhagije kandi buhitisha amazi n’umwuka. Ibinyomoro ntibyihanganira ahantu hareka amazi cyangwa humagaye.
Ibyitabwaho mu buhinzi bw’ibinyomoro
Gutegura umurama ni uburyo bwa mbere bwitabwaho mu buhinzi bw’Ibinyomoro. Umurama cyangwa ingemwe z’ibinyomoro, ugomba kuva ku biti cyangwa ingemwe zitarangwaho uburwayi. Birabujijwe gutera ingemwe zavuye ku murama uva ku biti birwaye kuko iyo uteye bene izo ngemwe zikwirakwiza uburwayi.
Gutegura umurama uzatanga ingemwe ni uburyo bwa kabiri bwitabwaho. Mu guhitamo aho umurama w’ibinyomoro uzaturuka ni ngombwa kwitondera ibi bikurikira: umuhinzi ahitamo igiti cy’ikinyomoro kitagaragaza uburwayi na bucye,cyakuze neza kandi cyera imbuto nyinshi kandi nini. Asarura imbuto z’ibinyomoro zeze neza kandi zidafite ubusembwa zihishije neza kandi mbere yo kuzikata agomba kubanza kuzironga mu mazi arimo Jik, urugero rumwe rwa Jik mu ngero 3 z’amazi cyangwa amazi arimo umunyu w’igisoryo. Ibi byica indwara zaba ziri inyuma ku gishishwa cy’ibinyomoro.
Usatura imbuto z’ ibinyomoro mo kabiri ukavanamo imbuto zivanze n’umutobe ukoresheje ikiyiko. Hanyuma ukabishyira mu icupa ripfundikirwa ukongeramo amazi ugapfundikira, hanyuma uhugutisha imbuto zivanze n’umurenda, imbuto zimaze guhuguta zirongwa mu mazi arimo javeli (5%). Imbuto zimaze kurongwa zishyirwa mu gacucu, mu ibase cyangwa mu gatambaro gasukuye neza, zigashyirwa mu gacucu ku buryo zikamukamo amazi . Ibyo birangiye, umurama uragosorwa. Umurama ubonetse ushobora guhita uhumbikwa cyangwa ukabikwa ahantu hahehereye. Imbuto zibikwa ahantu hahehereye mu mabahasha y’impapuro ariko nturenze amezi 3 utaraterwa kuko iyo arenze ntizimera kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kumera “ pouvoir germinatif ” bw’umurama bugenda bugabanuka cyane.
Gukora ubuhumbikiro
Umurama w’ibinyomoro ubibwa ku bujyakuzimu bwa mm10. Hirindwa kuwegeranya ,utwikirizwa utwatsi dukeya kandi uravomerera igihe kitari iki imvura.
Kwimura ingemwe mu bihoho ( muri pipiniyeri )
Iyo utugemwe tugize nibura cm 5 ni ukuvuga nyuma y’ukwezi, twimurirwa mu bihoho byateguwe muri pipiniyeri. Hakurikiraho kujya bavomerera nibura 2 ku munsi mu gitondo na nimugoroba. Ni ngombwa kwibuka kumenera ubutaka mu bihoho igihe cyose bigaragara ko ari ngombwa. Ingemwe zimaze kugira cm15-25 ni ukuvuga zifite igihe cy’amezi 2 kugeza kuri 3 nyuma yo kwinaza zishobora kwimurirwa mu murima wateguwe neza.
Gutera no kwita ku binyomoro
Umurima mushya w’ibinyomoro ushyirwa kure y’umurima ushaje wabyo. Bishobotse hagashyirwaho uruzitiro rw’ibiti “ haie vive ” rutandukanya iyo mirima yombi. Ni ngombwa gutera ingemwe z’ibinyomoro igihe imvura itangiye kugwa kugira ngo zifate neza. Ibi bikorwa mu kwezi kwa Nzeri n’uk’Ukwakira. Ibinyomoro biterwa mu mirongo bitandukanijwe n’intera iri hagati ya m1 na 1,5m hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4,5-5 hagati y’umurongo n’undi. Iyi ntera ituma ibinyomoro bidacucikirana mu murima kandi igabanya ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara kandi gutera umuti biroroha.
Ku ntera ya 1,5m hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4,5 hagati y’imirongo haterwa nibura ingemwe 1450 kuri hegitari. Hashyirwamo ifumbire ya garama 80 za NPK17-17-17 n’ibiro 30 by’ifumbire y’imborera ku giti.
Indwara n’ibyonnyi by’ibinyomoro
Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara cyane mu binyomoro ni indwara yitwa “ powederly milew ” iterwa na mikorobe zo mu bwoko bw’uduhumyo zitwa “oidium sp ” bikagabanywa no gutera umuti wica udukoko “ insecticide ” ivanze n’isabune cyangwa imiti ikomoka kuri “ neem”. Hari kandi inzoka z’ibihingwa “ nematodes ” iterwa n’inzoka yitwa “ meloidogyne sp”root rot (kubora kw’imizi) cyangwa crown rot iterwa na phyotophthora sp) no kuraba biterwa na pseudomonas salanacearum. Kwita neza ku murima uteyemo izi mbuto bigabanya izi ndwara.
Gusarura ibinyomoro
Ibinyomoro bitangira gusarurwa mu mwaka umwe bitewe, bigatangirana umusaruro muke ugera kuri toni 4 kuri hegitali. Uyu musaruro ugenda wiyongera ku buryo mu mwaka wa gatatu ushobora kugera kuri toni 16 kuri hegitari. Hanyuma umusaruro ugenda ugabanuka mu myaka ikurikiraho ku buryo muri rusange kimara imyaka 4 mu murima ariko bishobora kuyirenza bitewe n’ukuntu byafashwe.
Intungamubiri dusanga mu binyomoro n’akamaro kabyo mu muryango
Nk’uko bigarukwaho ku rubuga rwa interineti umuhinzi.com, Ibinyomoro bigira vitamini C ku rugero rutandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bwacyo. Ibinyomoro bikize ku myunyu nka Fer na Potasiyumu. Ibinyomoro bikize kandi kuri vitamine A, B6 na E. Ibinyomoro bikennye ariko ku bitangangufu ariko bikagir uruhare mu kongera amaraso mu mubiri ku bantu bamwe na bamwe bayabuze.
Inkuru dukesha –orinfor
UBUHINZI BW‘ IBINYOMORO
IBINYOMORO
Ikinyomoro(Itomati y’igiti) ni igiti cy’umubyimba muto kigira imizi itari miremire, n’uburebure bushobora kugera kuri metero 6. kibaho igihe kitari kirekire, ku buryo mu busanzwe gishobora kugeza ku myaka iri hagati ya 15 na 20. Ibibabi byacyo bikoze nk’umutima kandi bigira uburebure bushobora kureshya na cm 30 n’ubugali bwa cm12.
Indabo zacyo zigira ibara rijya kuba rose (pink) , ubururu cyangwa umweru kandi zikamerera aho amashami atangiriye. Imbuto zera ku giti cy’ikinyomoro ziba umutuku, umuhondo, orange cyangwa se purupule (purple). Zigira akarizo karekare kandi kananutse rukagira uburebure bushobora kugera kuri cm 10 n’ubugari bwa cm 5 kandi ziteye nk’igi risongoye ku mutwe.
Umurama wazo ni muto cyane, urabwase kandi ukaba ukomeye.
Ibinyomoro byera neza mu butaka burimo ifumbire, bufi te ubutote buhagije kandi buhitisha amazi n’umwuka. Ntibyihanganira ahantu hareka amazi cyangwa humaganye.
Ntigikura cyane ngo kigagare ariko kandi kikaba gishobora kugira amashami atuma gikwira ahantu hanini kandi akunze gushibukira ku mutwe.
Ibinyomoro bibamo amoko atandukanye bitewe n’ibara ry’igishishwa cy’urubuto. Bityo hariho ubwoko bugira igishishwa gitukura, cy’umuhondo, cya orange gisa na zahabu n’andi n’andi. Amoko y’ibinyomoro ashobora kandi gutandukana bitewe n’ingano y’urubuto kimwe n’uburyo urubuto rukoze.
Inkomoko y’ibinyomoro
Ikinyomoro ni igihingwa gikomoka muri Andes cyane cyane mu bihugu bya Peru, Chili, Equateur na Boliviya muri Amerika y’amajyepfo. Bihingwa cyane mu bihugu bya Australiya, Brezili, Colombiya, Indonesiya, Kenya, Portugali na leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika na Venezwela. Ibihugu bicuruza cyane umusaruro w’ibinyomoro ku masoko mpuzamahanga ni Nouvelle zellande na Portugali.
Imbuto z’ibinyomoro:
Imbuto z’ibinyomoro zigira uburebure buri hagati ya cm 2 na cm 10. Izi mbuto zitangira kwera nyuma y’imyaka ibiri. Igiti kimwe cy’ikinyomoro gishobora kwera imbuto zingana n’ibiro 22 kugeza kuri 66 ku mwaka bitewe n’uburyo cyitaweho.
Imizi y’ibinyomoro Ibinyomoro bigira imizi migufi ikaba yishimira isaso ndetse no kuvomererwa igihe imvura ari nke.
Uruti cyangwa igihimba
Igihimba cy’ikinyomoro kirakura kikaba cyageza ku burebure bwa metero 6. Cyakora ibi bituma kitihanganira imiyaga myinshi bityo kikaba cyavunika.
Amoko y’ibinyomoro
Uko uteye umurama w’ikinyomoro siko ingemwe zizamuka zisa na nyina. Hariho amoko menshi atandukanywa cyane n’ibara ry’urubuto rweze n’ingano y’igiti. Nko mu gihugu cyacu hakunze kuboneka amoko atatu atandukanywa n’ubunini n’ibara ry’urubuto. Hari amoko yera ibinyomoro binini n’ayera ibinyomoro bito akunze kuba umuhondo cyangwa umutuku.
Muri Florida naho haboneka amoko abiri ariyo Inca Gold na Ecuadorian orange. Muri Brezil
ubushakashatsi bwashoboye gukora amoko aberanye naho.
Aho ikinyomoro cyera
Iki giti gikunda ahantu hari ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 300 na metero 3000. Hari aho ugisanga ku butumburuke bwo hasi cyane, ariko icyo gihe gitanga imbuto ntoya.
Ikinyomoro gikunda na none ahantu hari ubutaka bufashe ariko buhitisha neza amazi n’umwuka. Imizi yacyo ntiyihanganira ahantu amazi areka mu butaka kuko ibura umwukabityo igiti kigahita cyuma. Ni ngombwa kandi ko igihe wateye iki giti wihatira kukirinda imiyaga kuko ihita igitura hasi.
Amashami yacyo nayo iyo atangiye kwera imbuto uyarinda umuyaga. Iki giti gitangira kwera imbuto mu gihe cy’amezi 12 nyuma y’uko ugiteye mu butaka. Nyamara ni ngombwa gukuraho imbuto za mbere zikibumba kugirango imizi yacyo ibanze ifate neza mu butaka. Iyo wagihinze ugamije isoko igiti cyimara igihe gito mu butaka, ni ukuvuga imyaka iri hagati y’ine na 6.
Nyamara ariko iyo ucyitayeho neza ukagiha ifumbire n’amazi bikwiye gishobora kugeza ku myaka iri hagati ya 12 na 15 kigitanga umusaruro. Itsinda ry’indabo 20 rishobora gutanga imbuto zeze kuva kuri 4 kugeza kuri 5. Indabo zitabanguriwe ntizitanga umusaruro. Nyuma yo kurabya kimara ibyumweru bigera kuri 25 kugirango kibe cyeze neza.
Akamaro k’ibinyomoro mu mirire y’abantu
Ikinyomoro kigira vitamini C ku rugero rutandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bwacyo, cyakora biri mu mbuto zizwi ziyikizeho cyane. Ibinyomoro bifi te kandi ibituma bishobora kugira uruhare mu kurwanya indwara nka cancers n’indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umutima. Izo ntungamubiri ni nka anthocyanins, beta-carotène, lutein,beta-cryptoxanthin a zeanthin. Ikinyomoro gifi te kandi n’ibinyamasukari bitanga ingufu. Ibinyomoro bikize kandi kuri vitamini A, B6, na E ndetse no ku myunyu nka Ferna Potassium. Ikinyomoro gikennye ariko ku bitangangufu ndetse no kuri fi bres.
Guhinga ikinyomoro
Icyitonderwa mbere yo gutera ibinyomoro
Mbere yo gutera ibinyomoro ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibi bikurikira:
- Ahazaturuka umurama
- Ahazaterwa ibinyomoro
- Inzira uzanyuramo kugirango ubone ingemwe (umurama cyangwa ingeri)
- Uko uzategura umurima
- Igihe cyo gutera ingemwe Ni ngombwa kandi gutekereza ku buryo uzakata igihingwa cyawe ngetse n’uburyo uzakitaho igihe cyamaze gufata mu murima.
Aho gihingwa n’uburyo gihingwa
Igihe cyo guhinga ibinyomoro: ibinyomoro bihingwa igihe cy’imvura cyane cyane igihe
cy’umuhindo ni ukuvuga mu kwezi kwa nzeri ndetse n’ ukwakira.
Ubutaka: Ubutaka buterwamo ibinyomoro bwakagombye kuba bufi te ubushyuhe bwa dogere 24-29°C
Imvura
Ibinyomoro bikunda ahantu hagwa imvura igabanyije neza mu mwaka , iri ku gipimo cya mm 1200- 3000 ku mwaka. Iyo nta mvura iriho cyane cyane igihe cy’izuba ni ngombwa kubivomerera. Kuvomerera hakoreshejwe amazi arenze akenewe bituma irwara indwara zo mu bwoko bw’uduhumyo (imiyege). Igihe nta mvura igwa ikinyomoro gishobora kwihanganira izuba ariko icyo gihe nta musaruro umusaruro uba muke n’imbuto zikaba nto cyane.
Umuyaga
Ubusanzwe ikinyomoro ntikihanganira imiyaga. Niyo mpamvu ahantu hateye ibinyomoro hakagombye gukikizwa n’inzitiro zitangira umuyaga.
Ubutumburuke bw’imisozi
Uhereye aho ibinyomoro byakomotse byera neza mu misozi miremire igwamo imvura nyinshi yo mu gihugu cya Brezil na Equateur. Ibi bituma ibihugu byinshi bihinga ibinyomoro ibarizwa hafi y’imirongo yo tropique ahari imisozi miremire hagwa n’imvura nyinshi. Muri ibyo bihugu ibinyomoro byera neza ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 300 na metero 3000 uvuye ku Nyanja.
Gutegura umurama
Sibyiza gukoresha umurama cyangwa ingemwe z’ibinyomoro zivuye ahabonetse hose utitaye kureba niba igiti zaturutseho kitagaragaza uburwayi. Imbuto y’ikinyomoro igomba guturuka ku giti kitagaragaza uburwayi ubwo ari bwo bwose. Birabujijwe gutera bene izo ngemwe kuko iyo uteye bene izo ngemwe zikunze gukwirakwiza uburwayi.
Gutegura umurama uzatanga ingemwe
Guhitamo aho umurama w’ibinyomoro uzaturuka mbere yo gutegura ihinga ni igikorwa
cy’ingenzi kuko uburyo imbuto y’ibinyomoro itoranyijwemo nibwo butuma witegura kuzabona umusaruro mwiza cyangwa umurima urwaye. Mu guhitamo aho umurama w’ibinyomoro uzaturuka ni ngombwa kwitondera ibi bikurikira :
- Hitamo igiti cy’ikinyomoro kitagaragaza uburwayi na buke cyakuze neza cyera amatunda menshi kandi manini.
Sarura imbuto z’ibinyomoro zeze neza zidafi te ubusembwa zahishije neza (yabaye umutuku,orange cyangwa umuhondo)
- Mbere yo kuzikata banza uzironge mu mazi arimo Jik (urugero 1 rwa Jik mu ngero 3 z’amazi) cyangwa amazi arimo umunyu w’igisoryo. Ibi byica indwara zaba ziri ku gishishwa cy’inyuma cyangwa ku gihu ntizigere ku mbuto z’imbere. Ibiro bitatu by’ibinyomoro birongwa mu mazi ya litiro 20
Satura imbuto z’ibinyomoro mo kabiri uvanemo imbuto zivanze n’umutobe ukoresheje
ikiyiko. Hanyuma ubishyire mu icupa ripfundikirwa wongeremo amazi upfundikire,
hanyuma uhugutishe imbuto (ubuhwa) zivanze n’umurenda, ubihugutishe iminsi 5
kugeza kuri 14 ubicugusa nibura kabiri ku munsi (mu gitondo na nimugoroba) kugirango byivange.
- Imbuto zimaze guhuguta zirongwa mu mazi arimo javeli (5%) kugirango ibyatera indwara za seputoriya ndetse n’utundi dukoko bipfe. Mu kuronga ugomba kwitondera kumaraho umurenda.
- Imbuto umaze kuronga zishyire mu ibase cyangwa mu gatambaro kera gasukuye uzishyire mu gacucu ku buryo zikamukamo amazi,
- Ubuhwa bubonetse bwanikwa ku nkoko mu gicucu iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 4 hanyuma zikavangwa mu ntoki . Ibyo birangiye umurama uragosorwa.
- Umurama ubonetse ushobora guhita uhumbikwa Niba udahita uzitera uzibike ahantu humutse ariko hahehereye mu mabahasha y’impapuro ariko nturenze amezi 3 utarazitera kuko iyo arenze zitamera kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kumera (pouvoir germinatif) bw’umurama bugenda bugabanuka cyane.
Gukora ubuhumbikiro
Bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa mu rwego rwo gushaka ingemwe z’ibinyomoro ni ukwinaza umurama mu buhumbikiro. Ubu buryo ni bwo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ariko si bwo bwonyine bukoreshwa mu kubona ingemwe z’ibinyomoro. Ingemwe z’ibinyomoro zishobora kuboneka hanakoreshejwe ingeri cyangwa zituburiwe muri laboratwari.
• Gutabira neza ibyatsi bigashira ahagenewe kuzajya ubuhumbikiro
• Gutegura imitabo: umutabo ugira ubugari bwa m 1 uburebura bugaterwa n’umubare w’ngemwe ukeneye. Hagati y’umutabo n’undi hasigara akayira ka cm 50
• Gufumbira neza ubutaka; igihe ubutaka busharira bwongerwamo ishwagara
• Gucamo uturongo ku buryo dutandukanywa na cm 5 hagati y’akarongo n’akandi ni ukuvuga imirongo 20 mu bugari bwa buri mutabo
• Hakurikiraho kubiba umurama w’ibinyomoro ku bujyakuzimu bwa mm10 hirindwa kuwegeranya.
• Gutwikira n’ubutaka muri twa turongo twabibwemo umurama w’ibinyomoro hanyuma ugatsindagira ubutaka gahoro gahoro. Mu gutwikira bakoresha utwatsi dukeya ahasigaye ukavomerera rimwe ku munsi mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu
• Kubakira ubuhumbikiro no kubusakara
• Uvanaho isaso iyo utugemwe tumaze kumera
• Iyo utugemwe tugize nibura cm 5 ni ukuvuga nibura nyuma y’ukwezi twimurirwa mu bihoho byateguwe muri pepiniyeri
Kwimurira ingemwe mu bihoho (muri Pepiniyeri)
Pepiniyeri yubakwa ahegereye amazi kugirango kuvomerera byorohe. Hagomba kuba kandi ari hafi y’inzira nyabagendwa kugirango bizoroshye gutwara ingemwe ariko hakaba hitaruye imirima y’ibinyomoro kugirango hirindwe indwara.
Iyo umaze guhitamo ahazajya pepiniyeri hakurikiraho imirimo ikurikira:
• Gutabira hatunganywa ahazajya pepiniyeri no kuharinganiza neza.
• Gupima no guca imitabo basiga hagati y’umutabo n’undi cm 50-80 z’akayira naho umutabo ukagira m 1,20 z’ubugari, uburebure bugaterwa n’umubare w’ingemwe wifuzwa.
• Imitabo ikikizwa ingeri z’ibiti kugirango zitangire ibihoho birimo ingemwe
• Kubaka pepiniyeri no kuyisakara
• Gupakira itaka mu bihoho bifi te cm 20 z’umurambararo na cm 40 z’ubuhagarike
• Gupanga ibihoho mu mitabo hagati y’ingiga zizengurutse imitabo
• Utugemwe tugemekwa mu bihoho nyuma y’iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 14 tumaze kumera mu buhumbikiro. Ni ukuvuga ko tuba dufi te cm 5 tumaze kugira amababi 2 cyangwa 3
• Hakurikiraho kujya bavomerera nibura 2 ku munsi mu gitondo na nimugoroba. Ni
ngombwa kwibuka kumenera ubutaka mu bihoho igihe cyose bigaragara ko ari
ngombwa
• Ingemwe zimaze kugira cm 15-25 ni ukuvuga zifi te igihe cy’amezi 2 nyuma yo kwinaza zishobora kwimurirwa mu murima wateguwe neza.
Gutera Umurima mushya w’ibinyomoro ushyirwa kure y’umurima ushaje bishobotse hagashyirwaho uruzitiro rw’ibiti (haie vive) rutandukanya iyo mirima yombi. Aha hashobora gukoreshwa ibiti bitanga ifumbire y’azote kugirango bitangire ibyonnyi kimwe n’indwara ziva mu murima umwe zijya mu wundi. Ibi bigira ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije bikanatuma uburumbuke bw’ubutaka bwiyongera. Igihe bitewe ku misozi ihanamye bifasha kurwanya isuri no gukomeza ubutaka.
Himurwa kandi hagaterwa gusa ingemwe zidafi te indwara iyo ari yo yose, zifi te amababi y’icyatsi kibisi gitoshye. Umuntu agomba gukoresha ingemwe ziturutse muri pepiniyeri izwi neza cyangwa ahandi hantu hazwiho gutunganya ingemwe nziza. Ni ngombwa kwirinda gutera ingemwe zigaragaza ubusembwa (ibibabi bifi te ibibara cyangwa zita amababi), zinanutse, zifite imizi yafatanye cyangwa y’umuhondo. Mbere yo kwimurira ingemwe z’ibinyomoro mu
murima, umuhinzi agomba kureba niba zarabonye akazuba kazikomeza (hardening off).
Ni ngombwa gukurikiza intambwe zikurikira kugira ngo ugire ingemwe nziza za marakuja:
• Kuvomerera ingemwe ku mugoroba ubanziriza umunsi zizaterwaho
• Gutera ingemwe kare mu gitondo cyangwa ku mugoroba (ari nabyo byiza) kugirango
ubuhehere bw’ijoro buzifashe kwisubira. Nta na rimwe ingemwe zigomba guterwa igihe
cy’izuba ryinshi .
• Gucukura umwobo uruta mu bugari no mu bujyakuzimu igihoho kirimo urugemwe
• Kuvanaho igihoho, gushyira urugemwe mu mwobo ku buryo igice cyarwo gifatanye
n’itaka ryari mu gihoho riringanira n’ubutaka bw’umurima. Gusubiza itaka mu mwobo
ugenda utsindagira buhoro buhoro kugeza ubwo bugera ku mizi ku buryo umuzi utihina, hanyuma ugatenguriramo itaka ryo ku nkombe z’umwobo ku buryo riringanira n’aho
itaka ryari mu gihoho ryagarukiraga.
• Gutsindagira ubutaka bw’i ruhande no kuvomerera
• Gusasira hakoreshejwe isaso ya cm 10 kugirango ubutaka bwegereye urugemwe
rwatewe bugumane ubuhehere no kugirango hagabanywe ibyatsi bibi. Ibi kandi bituma
ibitonyanga by’imvura bidakwirakwiza indwara ziri mu butaka.
• Mu gihe cy’izuba, ni ngombwa kubakira urugemwe umaze gutera, noneho ibyatwikirijwe bikajya bivanwaho buhoro buhoro.
Ni ngombwa gutera ingemwe z’ibinyomoro igihe imvura itangiye kugwa kugira ngo bishobore gufata neza. Ibi bikorwa mu kwezi kwa nzeri n’ukwakira. Ibinyomoro biterwa mu mirongo bitandukanyijwe n’intera iri hagati ya m 1 na 1,5 m hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4.5-5.0 hagati y’umurongo n’undi. Iyi ntera ituma ibinyomoro bidacucikirana mu murima kandi
igabanya ikwirakwiza ry’indwara kandi ituma gukata ibinyomoro no gutera umuti byoroha.
Iyi ntera irahagije ku buryo iyo ibinyomoro byeze bihumeka kandi bigakomera kuko ibishatse kugwa bifatwa n’ibindi.
Ku ntera ya Metero 1.5 hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4.5 hagati y’imirongo haterwa nibura ingemwe 1450 kuri hegitari.
Ingemwe zakuriranye zikomoka ku murama zirakatwa mbere yo kuzitera mu murima. Bazikatira nibura kuri cm 50 kubirango igiti nigishibuka , ibishibu bizaturuke hasi (kuko ubusanzwe bishibuka bigeze kuri metero nk’ebyiri). Nyamara kandi ingemwe zituruka ku ngeri zikurana ibishibu byinshi bigomba kugabanywa kugirango amashamu atangirire ku ntera ihagije uvuye ku butaka.
Igihe hatewe umurama havuka ingemwe zimeze nka nyina naho ingeri ziterwa zifi te nibura uburebure bwa cm hagati ya 60 na 90. Ingemwe zishobora gukatwa kugirango igiti kizagire amashami menshi kandi ntikizashurumbuke ngo kivunike. Ingemwe ziturutse ku ngemwe zirakura cyane ariko izikomoka ku ngeri ziba ngufi kandi zikagira amashami menshi (ibi ariko nanone biterwa n’igiti ingeri zitewe zaturutseho).
Ahantu haba umuyaga ukabije, intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi iragabanuka. Ni ngombwa gukuraho Indabo zikurwaho mu mwaka wa mbere kugirango imizi irusheho gufata neza mu butaka.
Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko igiti gikatwa bihagije buri mwaka kugirango gitange amashami menshi azatanga imbuto, bakagikatira ku burebure bwa metero imwe kugeza kuri 1,20m. Ahenshi bakunze guhita bacyongera ifumbire y’imborera. Mu mwaka wa gatanu bongeramo ifumbire ingana na tone hagati ya 4 na 6 zivanze na phosphate ndetse na nitrate ya soda ndetse na sulphate de potasse . Ni ngombwa kugikata buri mwaka ukuraho amashami aherutse kwera. Iyo gikase neza bituma igihe cy’isarura kiyongera bikanoroshya igikorwa cy’isarura. Ni ngombwa
Indwara n’ibyonnyi
Ikinyomoro gihura n’ibibazo bitandukanye bishobora kugabanuka bitewe n’uburyo kitaweho.
Isazi zishobora kuruma urubuto, igishishwa gikingira urubuto kuko gikomeye ariko nyamara urubuto ntiruba rukigaragara neza bityo bigatuma ku isoko rutagurwa neza kubera isura mbi.
Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara cyane mu binyomoro ni indwara yitwa powederly milew iterwa na mikorobe zo mu bwoko bw’ubuhumyo zitwa Oidium sp bikagabanywa no gutera insecticide ivanze n’isabune cyangwa imiti ikomoka kuri neem. Hari kandi inzoka z’ibihingwa (nematodes iterwa n’inzoka yitwa Meloidogyne sp), root rot (kubora kw’imizi) cyangwa crown rot iterwa na phyotophthora sp) no kuraba biterwa na pseudomonas solanacearum. Kwita neza ku murima uteyemo ibinyomora bigabanya izi ndwara.
Gusarura
Urubuto rw’ibinyomoro rushobora kugira uburebure buri hagati ya cm 2 n’umunani . Urubuto rusarurwa rufi te akarizo karwo cyangwa rugasigarana igice cy’akarizo. Kubera ko igihu cy’urubuto gikomeye bituma abasarura bahita barushyira mu gafuka cyangwa mu ikarito basarurimo nta kibazo. Urubuto ruhisha neza mu gihe cy’ibyumweru biri hagati ya 6 n’umunani ariko ibi bigaterwa n’ubutumburuke bw’imisozi ibinyomoro byahinzweho.
Ubusanzwe kuri acre imwe hashobora gusarurwa kugeza kuri toni 6. Igiti kimwe kikaba gishobora gutanga umusaruro ungana cyangwa usumbye pounds 60 ku mwaka.
Ubwiza bw’umusaruro Imbuto zisaruwe ku binyomoro zishobora kubikwa kugeza ku byumweru 9 iyo zibitswe ku bukonje bwa dogere 4 kugeza kuri 10 hamwe n’ubuhehere bwa 90 kugeza kuri 95%. Iyo zibitswe mu bukonje buri munsi y’ubwo zirangirika. Naho iyo zishyizwe mu bukonje buri hejuru ya 20 zitangira kubora. Iyo ibinyomoro bihase bishobora gutunganywa mu nganda cyangwa bikabikwa muri frigo.
Ibinyomoro bitangira gusarurwa mu mwaka wa kabiri bitewe, bigatangirana umusaruro muke ugera kuri toni 4 kuri hegitari. Uyu musaruro ugenda wiyongera ku buryo mu mwaka wa kane ushobora kugera kuri toni 16 kuri hegitari. Hanyuma uyu musaruro ukagenda ugabanuka mu myaka ikurikiraho ku buryo muri rusange ikinyomoro kimara imyaka umunani mu murima.
IKiguzi cyo guhinga ibinyomoro
Mu busanzwe igiti cy’ibinyomoro gishobora gutanga umusaruro w’ibiro 22. Ku isoko ikirocy’ibinyomoro kimwe kigurwa amafaranga 500 i Kigali . Ibi bigatanga amafaranga angana 11000 ku giti ku mwaka. Gutera igiti, kugifumbira, kukivomerera no kugikata bishobora gutwara amafaranga angana 5000 ku mwaka naho gusarura no kugeza umusaruro ku isoko bigatwara amafaranga 1500 ku mwaka. Ku buryo ku mwaka urebye guhinga ikinyomoro, kugisarura no kukigeza ku isoko bishobora gutwara amafaranga 6500. Inyungu ivamo ikaba yagera ku mafaranga 5500 ku giti ku mwaka.
Kwita ku binyomoro mu murima
Iyo ikinyomoro gifite uburebure bwa metero 1-1.5 biba byiza iyo uhise ugikata imizi ku ruhande rumwe hanyuma ukakigonda ( lean) ku rundi ruhande (aha ugiha imfuruka ingana na dogere 30 kugera kuri 45). Ibi bituma havuka amashami ashibuka ku ruti aho gushibukira ku mutwe bityo akazatanga imbuto.
Aho bikuwe:
Website : http://www.rhoda.gov.rw
Ikinyomoro gishobora kumara imyaka irenga 15 kigitanga umusaruro
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’Ikigo Nyarwanda cyita ku buhinzi bw’imboga n’imbuto (RHODA) cyaje guhuzwa n’ibindi byinshi bikora bimwe bikabyara ikigo cyitwa RAB, hagaragazwa ko ikinyomoro gishobora kugeza mu myaka iri hagati ya 15 na 20 kigitanga umusaruro.
Ikinyomoro ni igihingwa gikomoka muri Amerika y’Epfo, aho kiboneka mu bihugu nka Peru, Chili, Equateur na Bolivia.
Ni igihingwa kigira umubyimba utari munini cyane n’imizi miremire, kikaba gishobora kugira uburebure bugera kuri metero 6 mu gihe gikuze neza cyahawe ibyo gikeneye byose, kikarangwa no kumara imyaka myinshi kigitanga umusaruro.
Aya makuru avuga ko ibibabi byacyo bifite ishusho y’umutima, bikagira uburebure bushobora kureshya na santimetero 30 z’uburebure na santimetero 12 z’ubugari.
Aya makuru avuga ko kugira ngo ibinyomoro bishobore kuramba, ari ngombwa ko bihingwa ku butaka bufite ubuhehere buhagije, budakomeye cyane ku buryo bwemerera amazi n’umwuka kubwinjiramo bitagoranye.
Iki gihingwa gishobora guhingwa ahantu hose hari ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 3000 na metero 3000, kikaba gishobora no guhingwa ku butumburuke buri hasi y’ubu, ariko muri icyo gihe kigatanga umusaruro muke, kandi kikera utubuto duto.
Aya makuru avuga ko n’ubwo iki gihingwa gishobora kuba kirekire cyane, usanga uruti rwacyo rudakura ngo rugire umubyimba munini, bityo bikaba bigora cyane kuba cyashobora guhangana n’umuyaga mu buryo buhagije.
Ibi kandi bishobora no kuba ku mashami yacyo, bityo bikaba biba byiza iyo gihinzwe aho imiyaga idakunda kwibasira cyane.
Ubuhinzi bw’Avoka
INTANGIRIRO
Avoka n’imbuto iribwa ikomoka muli America y’Ama-jyepfo (Perou). Ishobora kwera ahantu hose mu Rwanda. Avoka zibanguriye zatangiye kugera mu Rwanda muri 1972. Ubu RAB ifite amoko 34 y’avoka, ariko ashobora kwera ahantu hose ni atatu:Hass, Fuerte na Ettinger.
Avoka ikize kuri poroteyini, potasiyumu, vitamini B6,C,D na E.
Amavuta ya avoka nta kolesiterore afite, akaba arwanya indwara z’umutima na kanseri.
Aho avoka zikunze guhingwa
Avoka ihingwa ahantu hari ubutaka bufite isi ndende, bufata amazi, ubusharire( pH) buri hagati ya 5.5-6.5, ikunda kandi ahantu hafite ubushyuhe buri hagati 16-24 oc, ku butumburuke bugera kuri 2100m.
Guhumbika no kugemura
Ibibuto byateguwe neza bishyirwa mu gitaka ku mu-rongo, imitwe ireba hejuru, umurongo n’undi itan-dukanwa na cm10, mu murongo ibibuto biba byegeranye;utwikirizaho agataka gake ukarenzaho ib-yatsi.
Ni ngombwa kuvomerera buri munsi igihe imvura itagwa
Gutegura ibihoho
(mu gitondo no ku mugoroba)
Ibihoho bikoreshwa biba bifite ibipimo bikurikira:
cm20xcm20
Ibyiza ni ugukoresha ibihoho bya cm20xcm20, kuko bifata umwanya muto muri pepiniyeri kandi bikagabanya akazi .
Itaka ryiza rivanze n’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza, rishyirwa mu masashe,hanyuma ibihoho bigaterekwa muri pepiniyeri ku murongo, umurongo n’undi utan-dukanywa na cm10 naho igihoho n’ikindi bigatan-dukanwa na cm10
Kugemeka mu bihoho (répiquage)
Nyuma y’ukwezi n’igice, ibibuto biri mu buhumbikiro biba byameze; urandura ikibuto cyameze,ugakata umuzi kuri cm5 uvuye ku kibuto,ukagishyira mu gihoho.
Uravomerera cyane(kabiri ku munsi) iyo imvura itaguye
Kubangurira
Kubangurira bikorwa nyuma y’amezi abiri kugera kuri atatu ugemetse mu bihoho, urugemwe ruba rufite cm 20 kugera kuri cm30, rufite umubyimba ugana n’ikaramu
Akamaro ko kubangurira
Imbuto zerera igihe gito
Igiti kibanguriye gitanga umusaruro mwinshi
Uhinga ubwoko uzi neza n’ikiburanga ( uko buryoha, aho bwera, igihe bwerera,..)
Igiti kibanguriye gifata umwanya muto mu murima.
Avoka ibanguriye igira amavuta nta mazi igira kandi ibora hashize byibuze iminsi hagati 10-15 ihiye.
Uburyo bwo kubangurira
Uburyo bwo kubangurira avoka bukunze gukoreshwa ni uburyo bwo kubangurira ku mutwe, kuko ni bwo butanga ijanisha rinini mu gufatisha
Uko bikorwa
Dufata urugemwe tubanguriraho, tukarukata umutwe tuwuka-tira hagati y’ahoroshye n’ahakomeye, tugasatura hagati .
Tubaza impande zombi agashami ushaka kubangurira (agashami ka kijyambere), twinjizamo ka gashami, tugahambira n’agasashe gato kuburyo igikomere cyose gip-fukwa, tugapfuka na ka gashami tumaze gushyiramo dukore-sheje agasashe.
Amakuru ajyanye n’ubuhinzi bw’avoka tuyakesha ikigo RAB
UBUHINZI BW’ AVOKA
1.UMURYANGO W’IMBUTO Y’AVOKA.
Avoka Ibarirwa mu muryango wa lauracees, mu bwoko bwa persea Americana, yakomotse muri Amerika yo hagati. Avoka ni imbuto ziribwa zikungahaye cyane ku muvuta na vitamini. Avoka ni igiti gikura kikagera ku burebure bwa metero 8 kugera kuri 20. Amoko yatsindiriwe akunze kuba magufi kuruta amahumbikano.
2. Akamaro k’Avoka
Avoka zikungahaye ku mavuta kurusha izindi mbuto ziribwa ari mbisi (7.8-40.7) bityo zitanga imbaraga , zikungahaye kuri vitamini C,A,B,E,K. Inombe y’Avoka ikorwamo amavuta yo guteka, umutobe wo kunywa. Avoka kandi zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga n’amasabune, ibishishwa n’ibisigazwa byazo bikorwamo ibyo kurya by’amatungo.
3. Aho Avoka Ikunda
Avoka ikunda ahantu hagwa imvura iringaniye (1250-1750mm) mu mwaka,ubutaka butarekamo amazi menshi kuko atuma imizi ibora bityo igiti kikuma. Avoka yera hose mu Rwanda ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 900 na metero 1800, ahantu hari ubusharire bwa PH5.5-6 ariko hari n’amoko yera neza hejuru ya metero 2000.
4. Amoko y’Avoka
Amoko y’Avoka y’ingenzi yakozweho ubushakashatsi akagaragaza ko yera neza ni Hass, fuerte, Ettinger, Booth8, Choquette na collisson. Hariho andi yera mu rugero kandi akera hejuru ya metero 2000. Ayo ni nka Zutano, puelba, Dickison, simpson, Bacon, Booth7. Avoka zera imbuto zifite ishusho itandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bwazo. Hari izigira imbuto zibumbabumbye,izindi ni ndende kimwe nuko hari ingufi. Iyo Avoka ihishije, igishishwa gishobora gusa n’icyatsi cyangwa umutuku bitewe n’ubwoko bwayo.
5. Gutegura Ingemwe/ingeli:
Umuhinzi Ashobora guhita atera ikibuto cy’avoka mu murima cyangwa mu buhumbukiro, cyangwa agatsindira (guhindura) atera igiti mu kindi.
Ingeri umuhinzi atera mu rugemwe ni agace k’ishami cyangwa k’umutwe w’ishami ry’avoka isanzwe yera. Iyo ngeri igomba kuba ifite amaso make. Iba ireshya na cm 6-8 naho umutwe w’urugemwe ugomba kuba ufite agatutu kanini kabyibushye.
5.1. Guhumbika
Guhumbika bikorerwa mu butaka bwiza butavuye mu gishanga. Bubaka ubuhumbikiro bakabusakara, bagatera ibibuto mu mirongo byegeranye, imitwe ikarenga ubutaka buhoro, bigabitwikirizwa utwatsi duke hanyuma bikabivomererwa buri munsi. Iyo ibibuto bizanye umumero bigemurirwa mu bihoho bya plastiki bipfumaguye byuzuye itaka rivanze n’ifumbire. Icyo gihe umumero uba ureshya na cm 1-2 kandi uba ugifashe ku bibuto. Ni ngombwa gutemera imizi yo hagati kuri cm 5 kugirango izamereho indi mizi myinshi, nyuma yo kugemura mu bihoho bishyirwa muri pepiniyeri itwikiriye,ingemwe zikitabwaho, zikabangurirwa hanyuma zikazaterwa mu murima zifite cm15-20.
Mu gutera ingemwe z’avoka mu murima ni ngombwa gushwanyuza igihoho hagasigara igitaka gikikije imizi kugirango zizafate neza. Mu byumweru bya mbere ingemwe zigiterwa ziratwikirwa, zikavomererwa rimwe cyangwa kabiri ku munsi iyo nta mvura igwa.
5.2 Guherako utera Ibibuto:
Mu gutera ibibuto mu murima, umuhinzi acukura imyobo ya metero 1 buri ruhande na metero 1 z’ubujyakuzimu akuzuzamo igitaka kiza kivanze n’ifumbire:
Umuhinzi abanza itaka mu mwobo kugeza kuri cm 30 – agakurikizaho ifumbire kugeza kuri cm 60 akongera agashyiraho itaka ryo hejuru bityo kugeza umwobo wuzuye.
Cyakora biba byiza iyo ifumbire ivanzwe n’itaka mbere yo – gusubiza itaka mu mwobo
Ibibuto biterwa iyo imvura imaze gutsindagira cya gitaka. – Haterwa ibibuto 2-3 agasiga cm 15-20 hagati y’ikibuto n’ikindi. Ibibuto ntibitabwa cyane kandi bitwikirizwa utwatsi duke, bikubakirwa kugirango bibone igicucu.
Ibibuto bitewe kuri ubu buryo bimera mu minsi hafi 30. Iyo bimaze kumera ni ngombwa guhitamo urugemwe rumwe rwiza izindi zikarandurwa.
Icyiza cy’ubu buryo ni uko butarushya kandi bugatanga igiti kiza gikomeye kikagumana umuzi wacyo wo hagati ucengera cyane mu butaka.
5.3 Gutsindira/Kubangurira (Gutera igiti mu kindi):
Iyo ingemwe zagemuriwe mu bihoho zimaze amezi ari hagati y’atatu n’ane ni ukuvuga urugemwe rufite umubyimba ungana n’ikaramu rureshya na cm 20-30, atera ingeri hagati y’amaso ari muri cm10-15 uturutse kubutaka. Twibutse ko ibihoho bigemurirwamo ingemwe z’avoka biba bifite cm 40 z’uburebure na cm 20 z’ubugari. Muri ubu buryo bwo gutsindira, ingeri iterwa mu ruhande rw’urugemwe rufite umubyimba munini. Ingeri ikoreshwa ni umutwe cyangwa ishami by’igiti cy’avoka cy’ubwoko buzwi neza ko butanga umusaruro mwiza kandi buryoha. Iyo ngeri iba ifite amaso make ifite uburebure buri hagati ya cm 6-8. Uwo mutwe cyangwa iryo shami bigomba kuba kandi bifite agatutu kanini kabyibushye. Iyo ingeri izakoreshwa imaze gusarurwa, ni ngombwa guhita ivanwaho amababi, agatemerwa aho ingabo y’ikibabi itangirira; ni ukuvuga ko hasigara inkondo yonyine. Iyo ingeri imaze guterwa mu rugemwe kuri ubu buryo, aho iterewe hahita hahambirwa bakoresheje pulasitike ku buryo nta mazi cyangwa ikindi kintu cyakwinjiramo.
Nyuma y’ukwezi ingeri itewe mu rugemwe itaruma n’inkondo – z’amababi ngo zihunguke, umutwe wa rwa rugemwe urakatwa.
Iyo ingeri yumye barongera bagateramo indi ariko mu – ruhande ruteganye n’urwo iya mbere yari iteyemo ukurikije uko urugemwe rwakoreshejwe rukomeye.
Ni ngombwa kwirinda ko umugozi wakoreshejwe mu – guhambira ucengera mu gishishwa kuko gishobora kubyimba cyane. Iyo bibaye uhambura umugozi ugahambiriza undi.
Nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3 ingeri ishibutse, kuraho amaso – yose aza ku rugemwe kandi wibuke guhambura umugozi urugemwe rumaze kuzana amababi n’igishishwa cy’aho ingeri yaterewe kimaze gufatana neza.
Nyuma y’amezi abiri ingeri ishibutse, iyo imaze gufata neza – ni ngombwa kwibuka guhungura amababi uturutse hepfo ukagenda usigaho abiri kugirango amazi y’igiti akomeze atemberemo neza.
Ingemwe ziterwa mu murima zireshya na cm30-50, zigatwikirwa mu byumweru bya mbere. Ni ngombwa kuvomerera ingemwe zigiterwa nibura 1-2 ku munsi iyo nta mvura.
5.4 Gutera Ingeri mu rugemwe:
Mbere yo gutera ingeri mu rugemwe cyangwa kubangurira ni ngombwa kubanza gutegura ingeri izakoreshwa ndetse n’urugemwe rubangurirwa.
Ubu buryo bukoreshwa iyo hari ubwoko bwifuzwa bushaka gutezwa imbere kurusha ubundi. Ubwoko bushaka gutezwa imbere ni bwo bubangurira ni ukuvuga ko aribwo bukurwaho ingeri (igitsindiro).Naho ubwoko bubangurirwa ni bwo buba bwarahumbitswe buri mu gihoho (murezi).
Gutsindira/kubangurira bikorwa ku buryo bukurikira :
Gutoranya muri pepiniyeri ingemwe nziza kuri buri rugemwe • ni ukuvuga zitarangwaho uburwayi kandi zakuze neza (rufite nibura umubyimba ungana n’uw’ikaramu y’igiti)
Gushaka ishami ryo ku mutwe ry’ubwoko wifuza gutsindira • (igitsindiro) rifite umubyimba ungana n’uw’urugemwe ushaka kuribanguriraho.
Kubaza igice cyo hasi cy’ishami ushaka gutsindira , ukaribaza • ku mpande zombi zibangikanye ku gice kireshya nibura na cm 1-2 . iryo shami ugomba kuribaza uhereye aho warikatiye kandi bigakorwa ku mpande zombi zibangikanye. Amababi yose avanwaho ku mutwe ugiye gukoreshwa mu kubangurira hagasigara gusa inkondo zayo.
Urugemwe ruri mu gihoho rukatwa umutwe ku buryo • umubyimba w’ahakaswe uba ujya kungana n’uw’ingeri ikoreshwa mu kubangurira
Gusatura mo kabiri mu buhagarike urugemwe (murezi) ku • burebure bureshya na cm 1-2 uvuye aho wagiciriyemo
Gufata ingeri y’ubwoko wifuza (igitsindiro) ukayicomeka aho • wasatuye mu rugemwe rw’avoka (murezi) ku buryo imitima yazo zombi ihura.
Guhambiriza akagozi k’isashi ya pulasitiki hahandi wacomekeye • kugeza munsi y’aho gato. pulasitike ikoreshwa iba ifite mm 5 z’ubugari na mm 0.1 z’umubyimba
Gutwikira igitsindiro n’isashi nziza kugeza munsi y’aho • wahambiririye ibyo bice byombi
Gutobagura isashi wapfundikije ukoresheje urushinge • cyangwa ikindi cyuma gisongoye gifite isuku kugirango umwuka utinjiramo
Gusura kenshi kugirango umenye niba igitsindiro ari kizima • kandi kigenda gifata. Ibi ubibwirwa no kubona icyunzwe mu isashi wapfundikije
Iyo ya ngeri (igitsindiro) imaze kumera yazanye n’udushami, • isashi yakoreshejwe mu gutwikira ivanwaho
Kuvanaho ya sashi ubundi ukajya ukuraho ibisambo • (imishibuka) biza kuri rwa rugemwe rwo hasi rwahoze mu gihoho
5.5 Gutera ingeri mu rugemwe rw’ikibuto bahereyeko batera mu murima:
Umuhinzi atera ingeri mu rugemwe rwameze ku kibuto bateye mu murima cg mu rugemwe bagemuriye mu murima rutabanguriye nk’uko abigenza ku ngemwe zavuye ku bibuto bahumbitse zikagemurirwa muri pepiniyeri. Ni ngombwa gutwikira buri rugemwe kugirango ruticwa n’izuba kugeza ingeri imaze kuzana amababi 2-3.
6. Gutera Ingerimu bitibikuru (Kubangurira ibiti bikuru)
Ibi bikorwa imvura igitangira kugwa. Icyo gihe umuhinzi atemera igiti muri cm 50-60 aturutse ku butaka akagitwikira. Ibi bituma igishishwa kitomoka kandi igiti cyatemwe kigashibukaho ibiti byinshi. Nyuma igiti gikurwaho amaso ku buryo hasigara amaso 4-6 ariyo atanga ibishibu. Ibyo bishibu nibyo biba amashami y’ingenzi y’igiti.
Ayo mashami niyo umuhinzi abangurira (ateramo ingeri). Iyo ishami rimaze kubangurirwa riratwikirwa kugeza igihe ya ngeri imereyeho amababi 2-3.
7. Gutera ingemwe mu murima:
Ni ngombwa kubanza gupima ahazaterwa ibiti by’avoka, hagashingwa imambo. Iyo ibyo birangiye imirimo ikurikirana ku buryo bukurikira:
Gucukura imyobo ya cm 60-100 mu mpande na cm 60-100 ibujyakuzimu,
Gushyira ifumbire n’itaka mu mwobo ku buryo bukurikira: habanza ifumbire mu mwobo kugeza kuri cm 30 z’ubuhagarike, hagakurikiraho itaka izindi cm 30 z’ubuhagarike, hakongerwamo ifumbire kuri cm 20 z’ubuhagarike, hagasoza itaka ryiza kuri cm zisigaye 20.
Ushobora no kuvanga itaka n’ifumbire mbere yo kuryuzuza muri wa mwobo uzaterwamo avoka.
Ku ngemwe zibanguriye intera hagati y’igiti n’ikindi iba metero 7 – 7.5 hagati y’igiti n’ikindi no hagati y’imirongo ku biti bitagagara cyane ni ukuvuga ibiti 177-204 kuri hegitari.Iyo ntera iba metero 10 hagati y’igiti n’ikindi no hagati y’imirongo ku biti bigagara cyane ni ukuvuga ibiti 100 kuri ha
Mu buhinzi bwa kijyambere bw’avoka ibipimo bikurikizwa ni metero 7.5 hagati y’ibiti no hagati y’imirongo. Nko ku bwoko bwa Fuerte utera buri gihe kuri m 7.5 hagati y’ingemwe no hagati y’imirongo (ibiti 177 kuri hegitari)
Ku bwoko bwa Hass bukunze guterwa kuri m 7 hagati y’igiti n’iki no hgati no hagati y’imirongo (ibiti 204 kuri ha).
Avoka ziterwa mu ntangiriro y’imvura muri Werurwe na Nzeri. Ingemwe zibanguriye ziterwa zimaze igihe cyiri hagati y’amezi 7 na 10 muri pepiniyeri. Icyo gihe ziba zimaze gufata neza. Iyo avoka zimaze guterwa ni ngombwa kuzifata neza, uzibagarira, biba byiza iyo zihinzwemo ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka nka desmodium. Ni ngombwa kuvomerera avoka nibura kabiri mu cyumweru igihe ibiti bikiri bito.
Mu gutera ni ngombwa gushwanyuza igihoho hagasigara igitaka gikikije imizi kugirango ingemwe zizafate neza. Mu byumweru bya mbere ingemwe ziratwikirwa zikavomererwa rimwe cyangwa kabiri ku munsi iyo nta mvura.
8. Gukata Avoka
8.1. Ikata ryo gutereka igiti
Iyo igice cyo hejuru ni ukuvuga ingeri yakoreshejwe mu kubangurira imaze gukura ku buryo ireshya na cm 40 umuhinzi ayica umutwe. Icyo gihe ya ngeri ishibuka amashami 3-5 yageza kuri cm 40 nayo agacibwa imitwe kugirango ashibuke andi mato nayo yamara kureshya na cm 40 akongera agacibwa imitwe.
Ibyo birakomeza kugeza avoka imaze kureshya na metero 2 aho amashami agenda ashibuka ubwayo.
8.2. Ikata ryo gufata neza igiti
Mu rwego rwo gufata neza igiti cy’avoka kibanguriye umuhinzi akuraho ibisambo, amashami agoramye n’ayumye.
8.3. Amoko atezwa imbere
Amoko y‘Avoka atezwa imbere n‘Ikigo RHODA akaba ari nayo acuruzwa cyane ku masoko mpuzamahanga ni Hass na Fuerte. Muri yo Hass nibwo bwoko bukunzwe cyane kubera uburyohe n‘amavuta bufite.
9. Ifumbire
Mu gihe cyo gutera umuhinzi ashyira mu mwobo ibiro 50 by’ifumbire y’imborera ivanze na garama 200 za superphosphate. Nyuma buri mwaka batera garama 400-500 za NPK 20-10-10.
10. Umurumbiko
Avoka yabanguriwe itangira kwera nyuma y’imyaka 3-4; Avoka y’impumbikano ni ukuvuga itabanguriye itangira kwera nyuma y’imyaka 6-8.
Umusaruro ntuba kimwe buri gihe bitewe n’ubwoko bw’Avoka n’akarere. Igiti gikuru gishobora kwera imbuto 100-500 cg ibiro 200-300 bingana na toni 15-20 ku mwaka. Ubunini bw’imbuto y’Avoka buterwa n’ubwoko bwayo: ubwoko bwa Mexican bwera urubuto ruto rwa garama 227 cyangwa se hasi naho ubwoko bwa Guatemala bushobora kwera imbuto zipima 1.4-2kg
11. Indwara n’ibyonnyi:
1. Kwuma kw’igiti: Igiti gisa n’icyumye kuko nta kigishibukaho. iterwa n’agahumyo (phyotophtora cinnamoni), gatuma imizi ibora. Kuyirwanya: gutera ahantu hatari amazi menshi, gukoresha imiti yica uduhumyo nka Oxychlorure de cuivre 20g/10l z’amazi kuri ari
2. Scab/amabara y’ikigina aza ku mbuto, igishishwa k’imbuto kirasatagurika aho gisatuye hakabora, ifata cyane ubwoko bufite igishishwa gito cyoroshye , iyi ndwara ntikanganye cyane
3. Udusimba (a) Borer de Rameaux agasimba gafite igihu gikomeye gacukura imyobo mu masami akuma. Kukarwanya ni ukugenzura buri gihe amashami yafashwe, gutera umuti uvanga Parathion na aldrine.
4. Utundi dusimba turya amashami akiri mato n’imbuto dusiga utudomo tw’ikigina hakavamo ibizi byeruruka. Kuturwanya : Kwirinda igisambu hafi y’umurima w’avoka, gutera umuti wa sumithion cyangwa parathion ivanze n’amazi.
Source:
Website : http://www.rhoda.gov.rw
VITAMINI N’INTUNGAMUBIRI MURI AVOKA
Ubusanzwe ngo ikiribwa cyangwa urubuto rwiza ni urwifitemo amoko menshi ya vitamini hamwe n’intungamubiri icyarimwe. Ngo iyo uriye ikiribwa cyangwa urubuto nk’urwo, uba uriye neza cyane. Uburyo intungamubiri ari nyinshi mu kiribwa, ngo bikaba bipimwa bagereranya intungamubiri zibonekamo hamwe na calories.
Avoka rero yo ngo ibonekamo intungamubiri z’ingenzi hafi 20, zirimo icyo bita fiber, potassium, Vitamin E na B hamwe na acide yitwa folic. Akandi kamaro gakomeye ka avoka, ngo ni uko ifasha umubiri gukoresha ibindi binyamavuta biri mu mubiri harimo nka carotene ya alpha na Beta, hamwe na lutein, ibi byose bikaba biboneka mu mbuto zitandukanye.
Avoka kandi ngo yifitemo antoxidants, izi zikaba zifasha umubiri kwirinda indwara zitandukanye. Amavuta aba muri avoka, yo akaba nta ndwara atera, ahubwo akaba afasha umubiri gukora neza, kuko ngo yifitemo « monounsaturated fats ».
DORE VITAMINI ZIBA MURI AVOKA :
1. Vitamini A:
Iyi akaba ari vitamini ifte akamaro gakomeye ku maso y’umuntu, kuko imufasha kureba neza. Ndetse urwaye amaso nawe akaba agirwa inama yo gufata ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri Vitamin A, bityo avoka nayo ikaba irimo.
2. Vitamini C:
Iyi Vitamini yo ngo ifasha imikorere myiza y’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri; bityo ikaba ifasha umubiri mu kwirinda indwara z’ibyorezo, infections hamwe n aza allergies.
3. Vitamini E:
Akamaro gakomeye ka Vitamini E ngo ni ugukora nka antioxidant, bikaba bisobanura ko ifasha mu gukiza umubiri ibintu bibi byawangiza. Gufata Vitamini E ngo bikaba bishobora gufasha umubiri kwirinda kurwara cáncer hamwe n’indwara z’umutima.
4. Vitamini B6:
Akamaro ka Vitamini B6 akaba ari ugufata ibiribwa umuntu yariye ikabihinduramo energy, cyangwa se imbaraga. Abantu barya ibiryo byiganjemo ama proteyine, ngo bakaba baba bakeneye pyrodoxine nk’iyi iboneka muri avoka kugirango ibashe guhindura izo proteyine mo imbaraga umubiri ukeneye. Kurya Vitamini B6 buri munsi, ngo bizafasha umubiri kugira imbaraga ahubwo ikawurinda kubyibuha cyane.
5. Potassium:
Iyi ni intungamubiri ikenewe cyane kugirango umuntu ahorane ubuzima bwiza. Potassium ngo ikora ku bice byinshi by’umubiri, harimo uturemangingo duto cyane, cells, tissues hamwe n’inyama z’umubiri, ariko kandi ngo icy’ingenzi ni uko potassium ifasha cyane umutima gukora neza. Ufata potassium buri munsi ku kigero gisabwa, ngo bimufasha kwirinda indwara za hato na hato z’umutima, ndetse ikagabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso ku bafite icyo kibazo. Potassium kandi niyo ifasha umubiri gukura neza.
6. Lutein:
Iyi nayo ni antioxidant, ikaba ifasha imikorere myiza y’amaso ndetse n’uruhu. Ikindi kandi ngo irinda uruhu kwangizwa n’izuba. Ngo gufata lutein ikenewe buri munsi ngo byarinda gusaza imburagihe.
7. Folate (Vitamini B9):
Acide yitwa folic, ariyo vitamini B9 ngo nayo ifite akamaro gakomeye cyane kuko ifite aho ihurira n’imikorere y’ubwonko. Ngo iyo ufata iyi Vitamini ku kigero gisabwa buri munsi, ubwonko bwawe bukora neza kurushaho. Nanone Vitamini B9 ifatanya na Vitamini B12 mu gutuma habaho ikorwa ry’insoro zitukura ku kigero gikenewe.
8. Monounsaturated fat:
Iyingiyi nayo ifasha mu kugabanya cholesterol mu mubiri yaba yazanywemo n’ibindi biribwa by’ibinyamavuta biyifite.
IBICE BY’UMUBIRI BYUNGUKA IYO URIYE AVOKA:
1. Umutima
2. Prostate (igice kimwe mu bigize imyanya myororokero y’umugabo)
3. Amaso
4. Umuvuduko w’amaraso
IBYO AVOKA IFASHA KWIRINDA:
1. Indwara z’umutima
2. Umunaniro
3. Cancer (cyane cyane iya prostate hamwe n’iy’ibere)
4. Osteoarthritis cyangwa rheumatoid arthritis
Avoka rero ukaba ushobora kuyirira aho, kuyishyira ku biryo, harimo no mu mukati, ugakora salade yayo cyangwa se ukayitaka kuri salade iyo ariyo yo yose wakoze.
Sobanukirwa akamaro k’avoka ku mubiri wawe
Avoka ni urubuto rubumbabumbye. Ikunze kugira ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cyangwa umutuku wijimye, ujya kwirabura ndetse ikagira n’ikibuto kinini imbere. Ni urubuto ruri mu muryango w’izo bita ‘Persea” zo mu rwego rwa “Cauraceae”. Avoka ikungahaye kuri vitamine E. Aha, twakwibutsa ko vitamine E ari vitamine y’Ubwiza kuko ituma uruhu runoga kandi ikarinda ko uruhu rwagira iminkanyari. Avoka igira kandi umunyungugu witwa Potasiyumu, uhagije ndetse n’amavuta meza. Inombe y’Avoka ikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku bantu bafite intege nke ndetse no kubana bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’indwara zitandukanye.
avoka
Inkuru dukesha urubuga rwa internet Doctissimo.fr ivugako, mu rubuto rw’Avoka habonekamo Vitamine A ingana na 290 ku ijana. Habonekamo Tsiyamine ingana na mg 920 ku ijana. Niyasine ingana na mg 1,1. Vitamine C ingana mg 16. Kalisiyumu ingana mg 10. Fosifore ingana na mg 38. Ibinyasukari bingana na gr 5,1. Lipide ingana 26,4 ku ijana. Ibyubakumubiri bingana na gr 1, 7 na Kalori n’amagarama 245. Vitamine ziboneka muri Avoka harimo iya C, ifite igipimo kingana na mg 11 kuri garama 100.
Ibi bituma Avoka iba ku isonga mu mbuto zicururizwa mu migi. Mu mujyi wa Arusha ho mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya, avoka igira igiciro cyo hejuru ugereranije n’izindi mbuto. Vitamine A iboneka muri Avoka ingana na miligarama 0,185 kuri garama 100. Ibi bigereranywa n’ibiboneka mu mbuto z’Ibinyomoro.
Muri avoka kandi habonekamo vitamine zose zo mu rwego rwa B ku rugero ruhwanye n’inshuro 5 kugeza ku 10 kurusha izindi mbuto. Habamo vitamine E ku rugero runini. Ibyo ni ukuvuga mg 1,85 kuri garama 100, ibyo biyihesha agaciro karenze ak’izindi mbuto.
Akamaro k’avoka ku buzima ni ntagereranywa. Bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’amavitamine n’imyunyungugu bikungahahishije avoka, bituma igira uruhare runini mu gukemura ikibazo cy’imirire mibi. Abantu bafite umuze nabo, icyo kiribwa kibafasha gukemura icyo kibazo. Kubera intungamubiri zinyuranye ziboneka muri avoka, bituma irwanya ikibazo cy’uburemba ku bagabo.
Urwenya 